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作者：Welch, F
摘要：During the last 25 years, annual hours worked by prime aged men fell by the equivalent of six 40-hour workweeks. The reduction was more pronounced among those younger than among mid-age workers, among black men than among white men, and among those with less schooling. Thus hours worked not only fell but showed increased dispersion, increases that paralleled the growth in wage dispersion that has become so familiar to students of trends in wages. The argument advanced here is that the correspo...
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作者：Hall, RE
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：What are the fundamental driving forces of macroeconomic fluctuations? In particular, why do people spend more time working in booms and less in recessions? These are basic questions of macroeconomics. Recent thinking has emphasized technology shifts, preference shifts, and changes in government purchases as likely driving forces. It is useful to distinguish atemporal and intertemporal effects of the driving forces. Under standard assumptions, the technology shift has no effect through atempor...
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作者：Lazear, EP
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Individuals involved in basic research, like other workers, respond to incentives. Funding agencies provide implicit incentives when they specify the rules by which awards are made. The following analysis is an-exercise in understanding incentives at an applied level. Specific rules are examined. What is the effect of rewarding past effort? What happens when a few large awards are replaced by many small, awards? How does the timing of an a nard affect effort? How does an agency choose which to...
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作者：Juhn, CH; Murphy, KN
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Using the March Current Population Surveys and the 1960 census, this article describes earnings and employment changes for married couples in different types of households stratified by the husband's hourly wage. While declines in male employment and earnings have been greatest for low-wage men, employment and earnings gains have been largest for wives of middle- and high-wage men. These findings cast doubt on the notion that married women have increased their labor supply in the recent decade...
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作者：Freeman, RB
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Volunteer activity is work performed without monetary recompense. This article shows that volunteering is a sizeable economic activity in the United States, that volunteers have high skills and opportunity costs of time, that standard labor supply explanations of volunteering account for only a minor part of volunteer behavior, and that many volunteer only when requested to do so. This suggests that volunteering is a ''conscience good or activity''-something that people feel morally obligated ...
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作者：Mincer, J
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In this work I enquire into the empirical validity and some implications of Yoram Ben-Porath's insights. Section II answers the question, Are the shapes and magnitudes of growth in wage profiles largely attributable to human capital investments? Section III tests the proposition that over the working age capacity wages decline before observed wages do. Implied timing of labor supply provides the test. In Section IV implications are drawn from Ben-Porath's model for interpersonal differences an...
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作者：Angrist, JD; Lavy, V
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Until 1983, the language of instruction for most subjects in grades 6 and above in Moroccan public schools was French. Beginning in 1983, the language of instruction for new cohorts of Moroccan sixth graders was switched to Arabic. We use this policy change to estimate the effect of French language skills on test scores and earnings. The estimates suggest that the elimination of compulsory French instruction led to a substantial reduction in the returns to schooling for Moroccans affected by t...
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作者：BenPorath, Y
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作者：Berman, E
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I estimate a function that matches vacant jobs and unemployed workers to produce new hires. Israeli law requiring vacancy registration yields unique data quality. The literature underestimates matching function coefficients because of a simultaneity bias, as the outflow of hires depletes stocks of unemployed and vacancies. Instruments and a new simulation method address this bias. A new test reveals strong evidence of heterogeneity in unemployed and vacancies. Estimates imply labor market dyna...
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作者：Flyer, F; Rosen, S
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Rapidly growing costs of elementary and secondary education are studied in the context of the rising value of women's time. The dramatic increase in direct costs of education per student in the past 3 decades is empirically linked to increasing demand and utilization of teacher and staff inputs, attributable to growing market opportunities for women and changes in the structure of families. On the supply side, the ''flexibility option'' that female teachers who take temporary leaves do not suf...
