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作者：Keely, L
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
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作者：Fernández, R
作者单位：New York University
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作者：Pritchett, L
作者单位：Harvard University
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作者：Stockman, AC
作者单位：University of Rochester
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作者：Dollar, D; Kraay, A
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Countries with better institutions and countries that trade more grow faster. Countries with better institutions also tend to trade more. These three stylized facts have been documented extensively. Here we investigate the partial effects of institutions and trade on growth. We argue that cross-country regressions of the log-level of per capita GDP on instrumented measures of trade and institutional quality are uninformative about the relative importance of trade and institutions in the long r...
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作者：Glaeser, E; Scheinkman, J; Shleifer, A
作者单位：Harvard University; Princeton University
摘要：In many countries, the operation of legal, political and regulatory institutions is subverted by the wealthy and the politically powerful for their own benefit. This subversion takes the form of corruption, intimidation, and other forms of influence. We present a model of such institutional subversion-focusing specifically on courts-and of the effects of inequality in economic and political resources on the magnitude of subversion. We then use the model to analyze the consequences of instituti...
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作者：Engerman, SL
作者单位：University of Rochester
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作者：Lerrick, A; Meltzer, AH
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：This paper proposes a low cost alternative to the large bailout packages that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has organized to address financial crises. The IMF would act as a lender of last resort. Faced with an unsustainable debt burden, a government would declare default. It would announce negotiations to restructure its debt at a sustainable level and a minimum restructured value of the debt. During the restructuring period, the IMF would provide a cash support bid at a discount to t...
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作者：Acemoglu, D; Johnson, S; Robinson, J; Thaicharoen, Y
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Countries that have pursued distortionary macroeconomic policies, including high inflation, large budget deficits and misaligned exchange rates, appear to have suffered more macroeconomic volatility and also grown more slowly during the postwar period. Does this reflect the causal effect of these macroeconomic policies on economic outcomes? One reason to suspect that the answer may be no is that countries pursuing poor macroeconomic policies also have weak institutions, including political ins...
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作者：Easterly, W; Levine, R
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Does economic development depend on geographic endowments like temperate instead of tropical location, the ecological conditions shaping diseases, or an environment good for grains or certain cash crops? Or do these endowments of tropics, germs, and crops affect economic development only through institutions or policies? We test the endowment, institution, and policy views against each other using cross country evidence. We find evidence that tropics, germs, and crops affect development throug...
