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作者：Drago, R; Garvey, GT
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee; University of British Columbia
摘要：Recent advances in incentive theory stress the multidimensional nature of agent effort and specifically cases where workers affect one anothers' performance through helping efforts. This article models helping efforts as determined by the compensation package and task allocation. The model is tested with Australian evidence on reported helping efforts within work groups. The evidence consistently supports the hypothesis that helping efforts are reduced, while individual efforts are increased, ...
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作者：Krueger, A; Rouse, C
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article examines the impact of a workplace education program at two companies (one in the manufacturing sector, the other in the service sector). We examine a broad range of outcome variables, including earnings, turnover, performance awards, job attendance, and subjective performance measures. We estimate a small, positive impact of the program on earnings at the manufacturing company but an insignificant Impact at the service company. Trainees were equally likely to exit the company as ...
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作者：Orazem, PF; Mattila, JP
作者单位：Iowa State University
摘要：The proportion of women in state government jobs and applicant pools is well explained by a model emphasizing supply-side factors. Relative to men, women's supply is least sensitive to wages in predominantly male jobs and most sensitive to wages in predominantly female jobs. These results suggest that comparable worth policies that shift relative pay toward traditionally female jobs and away from traditionally male jobs will increase the proportion of females in male-dominated, female-dominate...
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作者：Biddle, JE; Hamermesh, DS
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We propose models with an ascriptive characteristic generating earnings differentials and causing sectoral sorting, allowing us to distinguish among sources producing such differentials. We use longitudinal data on a large sample of graduates from one law school and measure beauty by rating matriculation photographs. (1) Better-looking attorneys who graduated in the 1970s earned more than others after 5 years of practice, an effect that grew with experience. (2) Attorneys in the private sector...
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作者：Blanchflower, DG; Oswald, AJ
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Warwick
摘要：This article uses various micro data sets to study entrepreneurship. Consistent with the existence of capital constraints on potential entrepreneurs, the estimates imply that the probability of self-employment depends positively upon whether the individual ever received an inheritance or gift. When directly questioned in interview surveys, potential entrepreneurs say that raising capital is their principal problem. Consistent with our theoretical model's predictions, the self-employed report h...
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作者：Clark, TE
摘要：This study quantifies the roles of national, region-specific, and industry-specific shocks in aggregate employment fluctuations in U.S. regions and industries. Variation among the growth rates of major regions and industries is decomposed into unobserved national, region-, and industry-specific components. The results reject the view that any heterogeneity in regional fluctuations is attributable to differences in industry composition. After controlling for industry mix effects, roughly 40% of...
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作者：Loewenstein, MA; Spletzer, JR
作者单位：United States Department of Labor
摘要：Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicate that the employer often pays the explicit costs of not-only on-site training but also off-site general training. Although few of these costs appear to be passed on to workers in the form of a lower wage while in training, completed spells of general training paid for by previous employers have a larger wage effect than completed spells of general training paid for by the current-employer, A model where contract enforcement considerat...
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作者：Scoones, D; Bernhardt, D
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This article explores human capital acquisition decisions when job placement helps determine competition for a worker. With asymmetric information, workers may invest in firm-specific capital without long-term contracts. Specific investment increases promotion chances (and hence wage competition), shifting competition back to a time when firms are symmetrically uninformed. If general human capital is the efficient (output-maximizing) investment, then an equivalent firm-specific investment maxi...
