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作者：Drago, R; Garvey, GT
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee; University of British Columbia
摘要：Recent advances in incentive theory stress the multidimensional nature of agent effort and specifically cases where workers affect one anothers' performance through helping efforts. This article models helping efforts as determined by the compensation package and task allocation. The model is tested with Australian evidence on reported helping efforts within work groups. The evidence consistently supports the hypothesis that helping efforts are reduced, while individual efforts are increased, ...
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作者：Bollinger, CR
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：This article utilizes an exact match file between the 1978 March Current Population Survey and administrative records from the Social Security Administration to analyze errors in the reporting of annual income using nonparametric methodology.The article extends work of Bound and Krueger, and the results confirm many of the findings in Bound and Krueger. Three new findings are of interest: there is higher measurement error in cross-sectional samples than in panels. The negative relationship bet...
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作者：Lundberg, S; Startz, R
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：A model of the new growth theory type is applied to the persistence of racial income differentials in the presence of community segregation. When community human capital affects human capital accumulation by individuals, differences between groups can persist indefinitely, even in the absence of current discrimination. Intercommunity mobility can benefit advantaged minority workers, who leave behind an impoverished ghetto. Workplace integration without community integration may not lead to equ...
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作者：Bartel, AP; Sicherman, N
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Since technological change influences the rate at which human capital obsolesces and also increases the uncertainty associated with human capital investments, training may increase or decrease at higher rates of technological change. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we find that production workers in manufacturing industries with higher rates of technological change are more likely to receive formal company training. At higher rates of technological change, the training gap bet...
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作者：Carrington, WJ; Troske, KR
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
摘要：This article studies interfirm racial segregation in two newly developed firm-level databases. We find that the interfirm distribution of black and white workers is close to what would be implied by random assignment. We also find that black workers are clustered in employers where managers, owners, and customers are also black. These findings may be reconciled by the facts that (a) there are not enough black employers to generate much segregation and that (b) other forces may systematically i...
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作者：Krueger, A; Rouse, C
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article examines the impact of a workplace education program at two companies (one in the manufacturing sector, the other in the service sector). We examine a broad range of outcome variables, including earnings, turnover, performance awards, job attendance, and subjective performance measures. We estimate a small, positive impact of the program on earnings at the manufacturing company but an insignificant Impact at the service company. Trainees were equally likely to exit the company as ...
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作者：Orazem, PF; Mattila, JP
作者单位：Iowa State University
摘要：The proportion of women in state government jobs and applicant pools is well explained by a model emphasizing supply-side factors. Relative to men, women's supply is least sensitive to wages in predominantly male jobs and most sensitive to wages in predominantly female jobs. These results suggest that comparable worth policies that shift relative pay toward traditionally female jobs and away from traditionally male jobs will increase the proportion of females in male-dominated, female-dominate...
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作者：Biddle, JE; Hamermesh, DS
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We propose models with an ascriptive characteristic generating earnings differentials and causing sectoral sorting, allowing us to distinguish among sources producing such differentials. We use longitudinal data on a large sample of graduates from one law school and measure beauty by rating matriculation photographs. (1) Better-looking attorneys who graduated in the 1970s earned more than others after 5 years of practice, an effect that grew with experience. (2) Attorneys in the private sector...
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作者：Blanchflower, DG; Oswald, AJ
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Warwick
摘要：This article uses various micro data sets to study entrepreneurship. Consistent with the existence of capital constraints on potential entrepreneurs, the estimates imply that the probability of self-employment depends positively upon whether the individual ever received an inheritance or gift. When directly questioned in interview surveys, potential entrepreneurs say that raising capital is their principal problem. Consistent with our theoretical model's predictions, the self-employed report h...
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作者：Kahn, ME
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Technological innovation has reduced the effect of diabetes. Diabetic behavioral modification in the face and expectation of medical improvement should lead to improved labor market outcomes. This article uses three cross-sectional data sets, from 1976, 1989, and 1992, to document improvements in diabetic labor market performance. Women diabetics have significantly increased their labor force participation while male diabetics have slightly reduced their participation relative to nondiabetics.
