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作者：Antecol, H; Kuhn, P
作者单位：Illinois State University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：Compared to older women, young female job seekers are more than three times as likely to report chat their ability to find a good new job is compromised by their gender. This phenomenon cannot be statistically attributed to observed personal or job characteristics, or to any objective measure of discrimination. Further, women's reports of gender-induced advantage, and men's reports of gender-induced harm, are also more prevalent among the young. A possible interpretation of all these patterns ...
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作者：Hibbs, DA Jr; Locking, H
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Linnaeus University; Vaxjo University
摘要：The Swedish record of enormous compression of relative wages under centralized solidarity bargaining, followed by substantial decompression of wages after central bargaining broke down, supplies observations well suited to empirical evaluation of arguments about the response of productive efficiency to shifts in wage distribution. We obtain no results supporting fairness, morale, and cohesiveness theories implying that wage leveling within workplaces and industries may enhance productivity. Re...
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作者：Burkhauser, RV; Couch, KA; Wittenburg, DC
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Connecticut; Urban Institute
摘要：We estimate the employment effects of federal minimum wage increases using monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) data from 1979 through 1997. We find that the empirical differences in the new minimum wage literature based on CPS data primarily can be traced to alternative methods of controlling for macroeconomic conditions. We argue that the macroeconomic controls commonly included in models where no employment impact is found are inappropriate. We consistently find a significant but modest ...
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作者：Seltzer, A; Merrett, D
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of Melbourne
摘要：This article uses personnel, payroll, and other records from the Union Bank of Australia to examine internal labor markets. It is shown that employment was characterized by limited ports of entry, impersonal rules for pay and promotion, well-defined career ladders, shielding from the external labor market, and a long-term employment relationship. In addition tenure within the bank was rewarded considerably more than experience elsewhere, and compensation increased considerably after 25-30 year...
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作者：Cook, MD; Evans, WN
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Differences in test scores of white and black students have narrowed substantially over time, falling by one-half since 1970s. Some have speculated that this convergence is due to changes in family background or convergence in school quality. In this article we decompose the convergence in test scores into that portion due to changes in parental education, changes in school quality, and a narrowing of the within-school gap in test scores. Only about 25% of the overall convergence is attributab...
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作者：Budd, JW; Na, IG
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Using Current Population Survey data for 1983-93, this article analyzes whether there is a union membership wage premium among full-time, private sector employees covered by union contracts. Ordinary least squares estimates of the membership wage premium are 12%-14%, and allowing membership to be endogenous yields larger estimates. Differences in job tenure, unobservable characteristics, and measurement error cannot fully explain the estimated premium. Significant differences in this premium, ...
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作者：Bac, M
作者单位：Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
摘要：Employment relationships are governed by short-term incomplete contracts and typically involve on-the-job screening and firm-specific training. This article studies a dynamic employment relationship with these features and identifies a potential conflict between the employer's twin objectives to screen and train the worker: when the training technology is quite productive, the employer may have to sacrifice from worker performance during the screening process. The article thus offers an explan...
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作者：Keane, MP; Wolpin, KI
作者单位：New York University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：In this article, we provide quantitative evidence on the effects of monetary incentive schemes designed to reduce racial differences in school attainment and earnings. Our analysis is based on the structural estimation of a dynamic model of schooling, work, and occupational choice decisions over the life cycle. We consider two recent proposals that, although not specifically targeted to blacks, can be expected to have differential racial impacts. One proposal, suggested by Robert Reich, provid...
