-
作者：Lam, KC; Liu, PW
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：From 1981 to 1991 the mean earnings of immigrants fell further behind those of natives in Hong Kong, with the earnings gap widening from 11.3% to 25.5%. Earnings divergence of this magnitude is rather unusual among countries that receive many immigrants. We show that earnings divergence in Hong Kong is mainly due to divergence between skill prices for immigrants' education and for natives' education. Intertemporal shift in the demand for skills caused by economic restructuring in Hong Kong has...
-
作者：Stephens, M
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article examines the added worker effect, which is the labor supply response of wives to their husbands' job losses. Unlike past studies, which focused on the husbands' current unemployment status, this article analyzes wives' responses before and after job losses to examine the life-cycle labor supply adjustments. Using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data reveals small predisplacement effects and large, persistent postdisplacement effects. The timing of the responses differs with type of...
-
作者：Prendergast, C
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Empirical work testing for a trade-off between risk and incentives has had, at best, mixed success. This article provides two simple reasons, associated with subjectivity of performance appraisals, why we might not expect to see any negative relationship. Both reasons relate to empirically observed problems associated with monitoring: (i) supervisors sometimes bias their evaluations based on their personal feelings toward their subordinates, and (ii) supervisors will sometimes offer evaluation...
-
作者：Gietzmann, M; Hemmer, T
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Chicago
摘要：We study optimal incentives for a two-stage production process. First, we identify conditions under which the optimal incentive structure for both workers is based on total volume and conditions for when the final stage worker's incentives are based on relative performance. We show that a bottleneck-free and balanced line is optimal only when both workers' contracts are based on volume, while it becomes desirable to limit the final stage worker's productivity when his compensation is based on ...
-
作者：Rotemberg, JJ
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This article develops a model in which quit rates, and thus the income distribution, depend on employee perceptions of the accuracy of employer assessments of individual productivity because these latter assessments affect wages. When employees believe that these assessments are accurate, income inequality tends to be high. The model can account for the negative correlation across some countries of inequality and the extent to which inequality is deemed to be excessive. It also fits the contra...
-
作者：Breen, R; García-Peñalosa, C
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：We present an explanation for the persistence of gender segregation in occupations and for the observed cross-country differences in its extent. Agents have imperfect information about their probability of success in different occupations and base their career choices on prior beliefs about these probabilities. Beliefs are updated according to Bayes's rule, implying that past differences in preferences over occupations across genders affect the beliefs of the current generation. Consequently, ...
-
作者：Bratsberg, B; Ragan, JF; Nasir, ZM
作者单位：Kansas State University; Pakistan Institute of Development Economics
摘要：For young male immigrants, naturalization facilitates assimilation into the U. S. labor market. Following naturalization, immigrants gain access to public-sector, white-collar, and union jobs, and wage growth accelerates-consistent with removal of employment barriers. The faster wage growth of immigrants who naturalize might alternatively result from greater human capital investment prior to naturalization, stemming from a long-term commitment to U. S. labor markets, but there is no evidence t...
-
作者：Dolton, P; O'Neill, D
作者单位：University of Newcastle; Maynooth University
摘要：This article examines the long-run effects of the Restart unemployment program in the United Kingdom. The program, aimed at the long-term unemployed, involved a combination of tighter monitoring of benefit eligibility rules and increased job search assistance. We compare the employment behavior of a treatment group who participated in the scheme with that of a randomly chosen control group for whom participation was delayed. While there is little evidence of a long-term benefit for women, the ...
-
作者：Edwards, LN; Field-Hendrey, E
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY)
摘要：Home-based work differs from other employment because the work site is the home itself. This difference means that the fixed costs of working at home are less than the fixed costs of working on site and that home-based workers may engage in joint market and household production. Using data from the 1990 Census, we find that home-based work is an attractive option for women for whom the fixed costs of work are high-women who have small children, are disabled, or live in rural areas-and that hom...
-
作者：Francesconi, M
作者单位：University of Essex
摘要：This article estimates a dynamic model of fertility and labor supply of married women drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women, 1968-91. It distinguishes part-time and full-time employment sectors, which differ by pecuniary and nonpecuniary returns and transferability of human capital. The model with unobserved heterogeneity in earning ability and preferences for children fits the data and produces reasonable forecasts of labor force participation in decisions. The estimates ...
