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作者：Aaronson, D; French, E
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：This article identifies the part-time wage effect, using hours variation caused by the social security rules. We show that work hours and wages drop sharply at ages 62 and 65. We argue that the hours decline causes the wage decline, resulting in a 25% wage penalty for men who cut their work week from 40 to 20 hours. However, we find little evidence for such an effect among women. We also show that models that fail to account for the joint determination of hours and wages will understate the la...
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作者：Leuven, E; Oosterbeek, H
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：Dutch employers can claim an extra tax deduction when they train employees older than age 40. This discontinuity in a firm's training cost is exploited to identify the tax deduction's effects on training participation and of training participation on wages. The results show that the training rate of workers just above age 40 is 15%-20% higher than that of workers just below age 40. This difference mainly results from the postponement of training and is not a stimulating effect of the measure. ...
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作者：Levy, A; Vukina, T
作者单位：North Carolina State University
摘要：We compare welfare effects of tournaments and piece rates in contracts with heterogeneous ability agents and demonstrate that tournaments that mix players of unequal abilities create a league composition effect. When leagues are fixed and the time horizon sufficiently long, piece rates improve welfare over tournaments. Using contract production data for broiler chickens, we estimate the variances of growers' abilities, common production shock, and grower's idiosyncratic shock. Growers' abiliti...
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作者：Jagannathan, R; Camasso, MJ; Killingsworth, M
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：Using experimental design, this research examines the impact of the nation's first family cap policy, implemented in New Jersey, on the fertility behavior of welfare recipients. We explore whether the change in welfare parameters mandated by the policy induces differential impact among black, white, and Hispanic recipients. We examine if impacts are conditioned by racial-ethnic group concentration. Results show that reduced welfare payments have contributed to a decline in births for black wom...
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作者：Charles, KK; Stephens, M
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Earnings shocks should affect divorce probability by changing a couple's expected gains from marriage. We find that the divorce hazard rises after a spouse's job displacement but does not change after a spousal disability. This difference casts doubt on a purely pecuniary motivation for divorce following earnings shocks, since both types of shocks exhibit similar long-run economic consequences. Furthermore, the increase in divorce is found only for layoffs and not for plant closings, suggestin...
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作者：Dunne, T; Foster, L; Haltiwanger, J; Troske, KR
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Using establishment-level data, we shed light on the sources of the changes in the structure of production, wages, and employment that have occurred over recent decades. Our findings are: (1) the between-plant component of wage dispersion is an important and growing part of total wage dispersion; ( 2) much of the between-plant increase in wage dispersion is within industries; (3) the between-plant measures of wage and productivity dispersion have increased substantially over recent decades; an...
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作者：Audas, R; Barmby, T; Treble, J
作者单位：University of Aberdeen; Memorial University Newfoundland; Swansea University
摘要：Using the personnel records of a large British financial sector employer we investigate how workers respond to remuneration differences and luck in the promotion system. The results confirm that workers respond to larger remuneration spreads by working harder. Increased certainty in the promotion process also has this effect. There appears to be no difference between men's and women's reactions to promotion incentives. Gender differences in the raw data therefore appear not due to incentives. ...
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作者：Neal, D
作者单位：University of Chicago
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作者：Murphy, KM; Peltzman, S
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：We estimate how 1970-90 changes in an outcome-based measure of school quality ( state average test scores) affected changes in earnings for those leaving high school to enter a state's labor force. We find that a one standard deviation deterioration in a state's relative test score performance is associated with a 3% (or .5 SD) reduction in average wages of young entrants to the labor force. We also find a similar decline in college matriculation. There is weak evidence that the school quality...
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作者：Heckman, JJ; Smith, JA
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Chicago
摘要：This article decomposes the participation process of a prototypical program into eligibility, awareness, application, acceptance, and enrollment. With this decomposition, we determine the sources of unequal participation for different groups and demonstrate that variables often have very different effects at different stages in the participation process. Our analysis shows that personal choices substantially affect participation and that awareness of program eligibility is a major source of va...
