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作者：Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Pekkarinen, Tuomas; Uusitalo, Roope
作者单位：Wellesley College; Aalto University
摘要：We evaluate the effects of the school system on mathematical, verbal, and logical reasoning skills using data from the Finnish comprehensive school reform that abolished the two-track school system. We use a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the gradual implementation across the country. Cognitive skills are measured using test scores from the Finnish Army Basic Skills Test. The reform had small positive effects on verbal test scores but no effect on the mean performance in the ...
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作者：Bredemeier, Christian; Juessen, Falko
作者单位：Dortmund University of Technology; University of Wuppertal
摘要：This paper investigates married women's hours worked disaggregated by the husband's wage decile. In the United States, this pattern has changed from downward sloping to hump shaped. We show that this development can be explained within a standard household model of labor supply when taking into account trends in assortative mating. A quantitative analysis of our model shows that female wage growth and decreasing fertility are primarily responsible for the overall increase in wives' hours since...
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作者：Burgess, Simon; Greaves, Ellen
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：We assess whether ethnic minority pupils are subject to low teacher expectations. We exploit the English testing system of quasi-blind externally marked tests and nonblind internal assessment to compare differences in these assessment methods between white and ethnic minority pupils. We find evidence that some ethnic groups are systematically underassessed relative to their white peers, while some are overassessed. We propose a stereotype model in which a teacher's local experience of an ethni...
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作者：Yao, Yang; Zhong, Ninghua
作者单位：Peking University; Tongji University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：Based on a survey of 1,268 firms in 12 cities, this article empirically studies unions' effects on worker welfare in China. Regressions carried out on a rich set of specifications show that unionization is significantly associated with higher hourly wages and larger pension coverage and weakly associated with lower monthly working hours. Further econometric analysis finds that unions promote individual and collective contracts. The effect of collective contracts vanishes when unions are presen...
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作者：Lundberg, Shelly
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Bergen
摘要：I examine the effects of cognitive ability and personality traits on college graduation in a recent cohort of young Americans, and how the returns to these traits vary by family background, and find very substantial differences across family background groups in the personality traits that predict successful completion of college, particularly for men. The implications are twofold. First, the returns to noncognitive traits may be highly context dependent. Second, policy discussion concerning e...
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作者：Ors, Evren; Palomino, Frederic; Peyrache, Eloic
作者单位：Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris
摘要：Using data for students undertaking a series of real-world academic examinations with high future payoffs, we examine whether the differences in these evaluations' competitive nature generate a performance gender gap. In the univariate setting we find that women's performance is first-order stochastically dominated by that of men when the competition is higher, whereas the reverse holds true in the less competitive or noncompetitive tests. These results are confirmed in the multivariate settin...
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作者：Dahl, Christian M.; le Maire, Daniel; Munch, Jakob R.
作者单位：University of Southern Denmark; University of Copenhagen
摘要：This article studies how decentralization of wage bargaining from sector to firm level influences wage levels and wage dispersion. We use detailed panel data covering a period of decentralization in the Danish labor market. The decentralization process provides variation in the individual worker's wage-setting system that facilitates identification of the effects of decentralization. We find a wage premium associated with firm-level bargaining relative to sector-level bargaining and that the r...
