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作者：Ginja, Rita; Jans, Jenny; Karimi, Arizo
作者单位：University of Bergen; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Uppsala University
摘要：We study how parental leave benefit levels affect household labor supply, family income, and child outcomes, exploiting the speed premium (SP) in the Swedish leave system. The SP grants mothers higher benefits for a subsequent child without reestablishing eligibility through market work if two births occur within a prespecified interval. We use the spacing eligibility cutoffs in a regression discontinuity framework and find that the SP improves educational outcomes of the older child but not t...
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作者：Powell, David
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：This paper studies labor supply responses to transitory income, exploiting the differential timing of the 2008 tax rebates. While an influential literature finds that rebates encourage consumer spending, it has ignored the ramifications on labor supply. I estimate that each rebate dollar reduces monthly earnings by 9 cents with smaller but significant lagged effects. This responsiveness is primarily concentrated in the second quartile of the earnings distribution and among hourly workers. The ...
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作者：Rizzica, Lucia
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：This paper investigates the relationship between aspirations and inequality in higher education participation. Using a regression discontinuity design, I evaluate the impact of a national-scale United Kingdom policy aimed at raising the aspirations toward college education of pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds by involving them in outreach activities. The results show that the policy successfully raised the aspirations of the target students and their participation in postcompulsory educati...
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作者：Felfe, Christina; Rainer, Helmut; Saurer, Judith
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper examines whether the introduction of birthright citizenship in Germany affected immigrant children's educational outcomes at the first three stages of the education system: preschool, primary school, and secondary school. Using a birth date cutoff as a source of exogenous variation, we find that the policy (i) increased immigrant children's participation in noncompulsory preschool education, (ii) had positive effects on key developmental outcomes measured at the end of the preschool...
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作者：Breining, Sanni; Doyle, Joseph; Figlio, David N.; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Roth, Jeffrey
作者单位：Aarhus University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; The Santa Fe Institute; Northwestern University; Emory University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：Little is known about the role birth order plays in delinquency and adult crime outcomes that carry significant externalities. We use rich data sets from Denmark and Florida to examine these outcomes and explore potential mechanisms. Despite large environmental differences between the areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, secondborn boys are 20%-40% more likely to be disciplined in school and enter the criminal justice system than are their firstb...
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作者：Bingley, Paul; Lundborg, Petter; Lyk-Jensen, Stephanie Vincent
作者单位：Lund University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Conscription forces young men to serve in the military, irrespective of their opportunity costs. Using random assignment in the Danish draft lottery, we find a negative average effect of peacetime military service on earnings, an effect varying by ability, with high-ability men facing a $23,000 lifetime earnings penalty but with low-ability men facing none. This gradient is robust to different measures of labor market prospects. Educational disruption is an important mechanism, while service h...
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作者：Mezza, Alvaro; Ringo, Daniel; Sherlund, Shane; Sommer, Kamila
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We estimate the effect of student loan debt on subsequent homeownership in a uniquely constructed administrative data set for a nationally representative cohort. We instrument for the amount of individual student debt using changes to the in-state tuition rate at public 4-year colleges in the student's home state. A $1,000 increase in student loan debt lowers the homeownership rate by about 1.8 percentage points for public 4-year college-goers during their mid-20s, equivalent to an average del...
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作者：Valletta, Robert G.; Bengali, Leila; van der List, Catherine
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of British Columbia
摘要：The fraction of the US workforce identified as involuntary part-time workers rose to new highs during the US Great Recession and came down only slowly in its aftermath. We assess the determinants of involuntary part-time work using an empirical framework that accounts for business cycle effects and persistent structural features of the labor market. We conduct regression analyses using state-level panel data for the years 2003-16. The results indicate that structural factors, notably shifts in...
