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作者：Kuhn, Peter; Yu, Lizi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Queensland
摘要：We estimate turnover costs in small retail sales teams using daily sales data and an advance notice requirement to address endogeneity concerns. In addition to short-staffing and onboarding costs, we identify two less familiar sources of turnover costs: incumbent workers' recruitment activities and reductions in team morale after a departure is announced. Our estimates of total turnover costs are relatively modest, however: 10% higher turnover is about as costly as a 0.6% wage increase. We att...
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作者：Bijkerk, Suzanne H.; Dominguez-Martinez, Silvia; Kamphorst, Jurjen; Swank, Otto H.
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We analyze the consequences of labor market quotas for the wages of women in high-level positions. Labor market quotas create uncertainty about the reason a woman is promoted. Firms know whether they promoted female employees because of the quota or their ability; their competitors do not. A winner's curse, reducing competition for women in high-level positions, results. This widens the gender pay gap for these women. Ex ante, women are better off without quotas. Next we investigate how quotas...
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作者：Hemelt, Steven W.; Stange, Kevin M.; Furquim, Fernando; Simon, Andrew; Sawyer, John E.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Delaware
摘要：This paper establishes five new facts about instructional costs in higher education using department-level data from a broad range of institutions. Costs vary widely across fields, ranging from electrical engineering (90% higher than English) to math (25% lower). This pattern is largely explained by differences in class size and faculty pay. Some STEM fields experienced steep declines in expenditures over the past 17 years, while others saw increases. Changes in class size and teaching loads a...
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作者：Altonji, Joseph G.; Zhong, Ling
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We estimate the returns to a broad set of graduate degrees. To control for heterogeneity in preferences and ability, we use fixed effects for combinations of field-specific undergraduate and graduate degrees obtained by the last time we observe an individual. Basically, we compare earnings before the graduate degree to earnings after it. Using National Science Foundation data, we find large differences across graduate fields in earnings effects. The returns often depend on the undergraduate ma...
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作者：Belzil, Christian; Maurel, Arnaud; Sidibe, Modibo
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Universite de Montreal; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using data from a Canadian field experiment on financial barriers to higher education, we estimate the distribution of the value of financial aid for prospective students. We find that a considerable share of prospective students perceive significant credit constraints. Most individuals are willing to pay a sizable interest premium above the prevailing market rate for the option to take up a loan, with a median interest rate wedge equal to 6.8 percentage points for a $1,000 loan. The willingne...
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作者：Butikofer, Aline; Peri, Giovanni
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Noncognitive characteristics and personality traits can be strong predictors of economic and social outcomes of individuals. In this paper, using data on cognitive ability and psychologist-assessed sociability and adaptability linked to administrative data for the male 1932-33 birth cohort in Norway, we analyze how these three characteristics affect men's probability to migrate across labor markets. We find that higher adaptability, the capacity to adjust to new environments and situations, an...
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作者：Aaronson, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar; Sanders, Seth G.; Taylor, Evan J.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Cornell University; University of Arizona
摘要：How does school quality affect health amid multiple behavioral responses? The Rosenwald schools transformed school quality for rural southern African Americans in the early 1900s. Research shows that the schools made black migration northward more likely and that the Great Migration shortened life expectancy for these migrants. Besides the hypothesized health-enhancing effects of school quality, negative health effects might also occur through migration. We disentangle behavioral mechanisms an...
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作者：Brucker, Herbert; Glitz, Albrecht; Lerche, Adrian; Romiti, Agnese
作者单位：Humboldt University of Berlin; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; University of Strathclyde
摘要：We analyze how the formal recognition of foreign qualifications affects immigrants' labor market outcomes. The empirical analysis is based on a novel German data set that links respondents' survey information to their administrative records, allowing us to observe immigrants at monthly intervals before, during, and after their application for occupational recognition. We find that 3 years after obtaining recognition, immigrants earn 19.8% higher wages and are 24.5 percentage points more likely...
