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作者：Hurst, Erik; Kahn, Lisa B.
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
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作者：Bagga, Sadhika
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Worker mobility and wages have declined in the United States amid rising employer market power. I propose a theory of the labor market in which a decrease in employer competition, characterized by fewer firms per worker, drives the decline in worker mobility and wages. A finite and decreasing number of employers exert market power by excluding their offers from the outside options of their employees. This reduces the value of workers' outside options and, consequently, their wages and transiti...
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作者：Baker, Michael; Messacar, Derek; Stabile, Mark
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Memorial University Newfoundland; Statistics Canada; INSEAD Business School; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We investigate how reforms of Canada's child allowances affected household poverty and maternal employment-the 2015 increase and expansion of the Universal Child Care Benefit and the 2016 introduction of a new Canada Child Benefit (CCB). We document that both reforms reduced child poverty, although the CCB had greater effect. By 2018, we estimate that the CCB reduced poverty by 11% in families headed by a single mother and by nearly 17% in two-parent families. We find no evidence, on either th...
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作者：Bils, Mark; Kudlyak, Marianna; Lins, Paulo
作者单位：University of Rochester; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Richmond; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We estimate cyclicality in labor's user cost allowing for cyclical fluctuations in the quality of worker-firm matches and wages that are smoothed within employment matches. To do so, we exploit a match's long-run wage to control for its quality. Using 1980-2019 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data, we identify three channels by which recessions affect user cost: they lower the new-hire wage and wages going forward in the match, but they also result in higher subsequent separations. We fi...
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作者：Tan, Brandon Joel
作者单位：Harvard University; National University of Singapore
摘要：I study the consequences of letter grades serving as coarse measures of academic achievement using university administrative data that record both the letter grade and the precise mark (0-100) received for each course that a given student takes. I exploit a regression discontinuity design with marks as the running variable. I find that receiving a better grade in a single class results in USD 32 greater monthly earnings after graduation, a 1.4% increase. I also find that marginal students who ...
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作者：Biasi, Barbara
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：This paper estimates the causal effect of equalizing revenues across school districts on students' intergenerational mobility. I exploit cohort differences in exposure to equalization generated by state-level reforms. To address the endogeneity of postreform revenues due to household sorting after a reform, I use a simulated-instruments approach that uses newly collected data on states' funding formulas to simulate revenues without sorting. I find that equalization has a large effect on the mo...
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作者：East, Chloe N.; Hines, Annie L.; Luck, Philip; Mansour, Hani; Velasquez, Andrea
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We examine the labor market effects of Secure Communities (SC), a police-based immigration enforcement policy implemented in 2008-13. Using variation in implementation across local areas and over time, we find that SC decreased the employment of likely undocumented immigrants. These effects are driven not only by deportations but also by adjustments among immigrants who remain in the United States. Importantly, SC also decreased the employment and hourly wages of US-born individuals. We provid...
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作者：Li, Wenchao; Lou, Xuyan; Yi, Junjian; Zhang, Junsen
作者单位：Tongji University; University of Nottingham Ningbo China; Peking University; Zhejiang University
摘要：This study investigates the effects of unobserved earnings-related endowments on marital outcomes, focusing on potential gender differences. Using a less stringent, more plausible assumption that monozygotic twins share more similar endowments relative to dizygotic twins, we develop a novel identification strategy from the twins experiment. Using unique Chinese twins survey data, we find that men with genetic endowments related to higher earnings marry earlier and have younger, taller wives; s...
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作者：Amodio, Francesco; Martinez-Carrasco, Miguel A. A.
作者单位：McGill University; Universidad de los Andes - Chile
摘要：This paper studies learning among coworkers when incentives change. We use a simple principal-agent model to show that when workers are not fully informed on the global shape of the production function, (1) their effort choice changes over time as information is disclosed and processed and (2) changing incentives can trigger this learning process. We test this prediction using personnel data from an egg production plant in Peru. Exploiting a sudden change in the contract parameters, we find th...
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作者：Anelli, Massimo; Shih, Kevin; Williams, Kevin
作者单位：Bocconi University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Occidental College
摘要：Do foreign students affect the likelihood that domestic students obtain a STEM degree and occupation? Using administrative student records from a US university, we exploit idiosyncratic variation in the share of foreign classmates in introductory math classes and find that foreign classmates displace domestic students from STEM majors and occupations. However, displaced students gravitate toward high-earning social science majors, so their expected earnings are not penalized. We explore severa...
