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作者：Barrero, Jose Maria; Bloom, Nicholas; Davis, Steven J.
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Stanford University
摘要：Many Americans continued some forms of social distancing after the pandemic. This phenomenon is stronger among older persons, less educated individuals, and those who interact daily with persons at high risk from infectious diseases. Regression models fit to individual-level data suggest that social distancing lowered labor force participation by 2.4 percentage points in 2022, 1.2 points on an earnings-weighted basis. When combined with simple equilibrium models, our results imply that the soc...
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作者：Bonhomme, Stephane; Holzheu, Kerstin; Lamadon, Thibaut; Manresa, Elena; Mogstad, Magne; Setzler, Bradley
作者单位：University of Chicago; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); New York University; Statistics Norway; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Many studies use matched employer-employee data to estimate a statistical model of earnings determination with worker and firm fixed effects. Estimates based on this model have produced influential yet controversial conclusions. The objective of this paper is to assess the sensitivity of these conclusions to the biases that arise because of limited mobility of workers across firms. We use employer-employee data from the United States and several European countries while taking advantage of bot...
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作者：Chang, Eunsik; Padilla-Romo, Maria
作者单位：Mississippi State University; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：We provide evidence that short-term shocks to student cognitive performance have long-lasting consequences for human capital development. We use administrative data from Mexico City to show that students' exposure to violent crime in the week immediately prior to a high-stakes exam lowers females' test scores by 11% of a standard deviation. As a result, 19% of female students exposed to violent crime are subsequently assigned to less preferred, lower-quality high schools. We find no such effec...
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作者：Handwerker, Elizabeth Weber
摘要：This paper develops measures of the occupational homogeneity of employers as indicators of outsourcing. Findings are threefold. First, wages are strongly related to occupational homogeneity, particularly for workers in low-wage occupations. Second, by some measures, workers-particularly those in higher-wage occupations-saw their employing establishments become more occupationally homogeneous during 2004-19. Third, changes in the occupational homogeneity of workplaces contributed to growing wag...
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作者：Baird, Matthew D.; Engberg, John; Opper, Isaac M.
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：We model optimal treatment assignment in programs with a limited number of seats and study how the presence of peer effects impacts the optimal allocation rule. We then use data from a randomized control trial to show evidence that there are large peer effects in the context of job training for disadvantaged adults in the United States. Finally, we combine the model and the empirics to show that the program would have had a much greater impact if the assignment choices had accounted for the pe...
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作者：von Essen, Emma; Smith, Nina
作者单位：Aarhus University; Stockholm University; Aarhus University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We investigate how sizes of professional networks affect the probability of appointment to a supervisory board and whether the effect is gendered. Using an employer-employee data set of the Danish labor market, 1995-2011, we find larger networks to associate with a higher probability of becoming a first-time director. The effect is larger for men. One explanation is that men, compared with women, have more connections to larger and listed firms and to other males-attributes that increase the a...
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作者：de Chaisemartin, Clement; Navarrete, H. Nicolas
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); City St Georges, University of London
摘要：Social and emotional learning (SEL) programs that target disruptive students aim to improve their classroom behavior. Small-scale programs in high-income countries have demonstrated positive effects. Using a randomized experiment, we show that a nationwide SEL program in Chile has no effect. Very disruptive students seem to reduce the program's effectiveness. With attention deficit hyperactivity disorder being more prevalent in middle- than high-income countries, very disruptive students may b...
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作者：Caselli, Mauro; Falco, Paolo; Mattera, Gianpiero
作者单位：University of Trento; University of Copenhagen; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：Using a natural experiment induced by COVID-19, we test how the sudden absence of fans at football games impacts player performance in Italy. We find that African players, who are most commonly targeted by racial harassment, play better when fans are no longer at the stadium. A similar, albeit weaker, effect is detected among black players. Using official records of racist behavior by fans, we show that performance improves the most on teams that were subject to abuse before the lockdown. Our ...
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作者：Bossler, Mario; Schank, Thorsten
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
摘要：Monthly wage inequality in Germany continued to increase in the early 2000s, which is mainly explained by a rising part-time employment share. After 2010, inequality returned to the level of 2000. About half of the recent decrease is due to the introduction of the national minimum wage in 2015. While employment effects of the minimum wage are negligible, we find strong wage increases among the existing workforce. The minimum wage lowered wage inequality within eastern and western Germany but a...
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作者：Rodriguez, Jorge
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes - Chile
摘要：Workfare can impact child development by inducing parents to spend less time at home. I study the mechanisms by which workfare policies affect children using the New Hope workfare experiment. The program randomly assigned individuals to a policy bundle including income and childcare subsidies conditional on full-time work. For families with young children, the program had positive effects on child academic performance and classroom behavior. Counterfactual experiments from a dynamic discrete c...
