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作者：Casarico, Alessandra; Lattanzio, Salvatore
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：We study the extent to which employer heterogeneity affects gender gaps in earnings across the distribution, over time, and over the life cycle, accounting for cohort effects. Using a linked employer-employee dataset for Italy, we show that the gender gap in firm pay premia explains 34% of the mean gender pay gap, mainly due to between-firm components. Within-firm differences are more important at the top of the distribution and have become more relevant over time. Gender differences in mobili...
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作者：Riddell, Chris; Riddell, W. Craig
作者单位：University of Waterloo; University of British Columbia; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：The income maintenance experiments have received renewed attention due to growing international interest in a basic income. Proponents of a negative income tax (NIT) viewed it as a replacement for traditional welfare with stronger work incentives. However, existing labor supply estimates for single mothers (those eligible for welfare) are uniformly negative. We reassess the experimental evidence and find randomization failure in two NITs (Gary and Seattle). In Denver and Manitoba, we find posi...
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作者：Low, Corinne
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper quantifies the causal negative impact of age on women's marriage market appeal using an experiment where real online daters rate hypothetical profiles with randomly assigned ages. Truthfulness is incentivized through the experiment's compensation: participants receive professional dating advice customized according to their ratings. The experiment shows that for every year a woman ages, she must earn $7,000 more annually to remain equally attractive to potential partners. This prefe...
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作者：Adachi, Daisuke; Kawaguchi, Daiji; Saito, Yukiko U.
作者单位：Aarhus University; University of Tokyo; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Waseda University
摘要：This paper studies the relationship between industrial robots and employment in Japan on the basis of a unique dataset that allows us to calculate the unit price of robots. Our model combines standard factor demand theory with a recent task-based approach to derive a simple estimation equation between robot prices and employment, and our identification strategy leverages heterogeneous applications of robots across industries and heterogeneous price changes across applications. We find that the...
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作者：Arellano-Bover, Jaime
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：I study the long-term effects of landing a first job at a large firm versus a small one using Spanish administrative data. Size could be a relevant employer attribute for inexperienced workers since large firms are associated with greater productivity, wages, and training. The key empirical challenge is selection into first jobs based on unobserved worker characteristics. I develop an instrumental variable approach that, keeping business cycle conditions fixed, leverages variation in the compo...
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作者：Battisti, Michele; Michaels, Ryan; Park, Choonsung
作者单位：University of Glasgow; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：There is substantial variation in working time even within employer-employee matches, yet estimates of the Frisch elasticity of labor supply can be near zero. This paper proposes a tractable theory of earnings and working time to interpret these observations. Production complementarities attenuate the response of working time to idiosyncratic, or worker-specific, shocks, but firm-wide shocks are mediated by preference parameters. The model can be identified using firm-worker matched data, reve...
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作者：Babina, Tania; Howell, Sabrina T.
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; New York University
摘要：This paper offers the first study of how changes in corporate R&D investment affect labor mobility. We show that increases in R&D spur employee departures to join start-ups' founding teams. This appears to reflect employees taking the ideas, skills, or technologies created through the R&D process but not especially valuable to the R&D-investing firm to start-ups. The employee-founded start-ups tend to be outside the R&D-investing employer's industry, suggesting that the underlying ideas would ...
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作者：Drozd, Mark; Moffitt, Robert A.; Zhao, Xinyu
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University
摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in major declines in employment of women. We provide projections of impacts of this reduction on less educated women's future human capital framed within the traditional Mincerian model. We find that wage losses one year out from 2020 are relatively modest on average, generally less than 1%, with the largest for married women without children in the home. But losses are greater for young married women, mothers with very young children, and those working in COVID-...
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作者：Gazze, Ludovica; Persico, Claudia; Spirovska, Sandra
作者单位：University of Warwick; American University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Children exposed to pollutants like lead have lower academic achievement and are more likely to engage in risky behavior. However, little is known about whether lead-exposed children affect the long-run outcomes of their peers. We estimate these spillover effects using unique data on preschool blood lead levels (BLLs) matched to education data for all students in North Carolina public schools. We compare siblings whose school-grade cohorts differ in the proportion of children with elevated BLL...
