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作者：Jacob, Brian A.; Rockoff, Jonah E.; Taylor, Eric S.; Lindy, Benjamin; Rosen, Rachel
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Columbia University; Harvard University
摘要：Selecting more productive employees among a pool of job applicants can be a cost-effective means of improving organizational performance and may be particularly important in the public sector. We study the relationship among applicant characteristics, hiring outcomes, and job performance for teachers in the Washington DC Public Schools. Applicants' academic background (e.g., undergraduate GPA) is essentially uncorrelated with hiring. Screening measures (written assessments, interviews, and sam...
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作者：Lang, Corey
作者单位：University of Rhode Island
摘要：This paper tests the efficiency of local provision Of land conservation. I examine how housing prices, which, 4 capitalize open space amenities and future. tax obligations, change 'after municipalities vote on referendums for conservation spending. Using a dynamic regression discontinuity based on voting outcomes, results suggest that average housing prices increase about 0.68-1.12% for every $1000 per household of open space spending authorized, which indicates inefficiency and underprovision...
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作者：Goupille-Lebret, Jonathan; Infante, Jose
作者单位：Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); INSEAD Business School; AXA Group
摘要：For the first time, we exploit quasi-experimental variation to investigate the impact of inheritance taxation on wealth accumulation. Using bunching and difference-in-differences methods, we directly estimate several behavioral responses during lifetime, rather than relying solely on observations at death. Our empirical findings shed new light upon wealth accumulation and bequest motives. Taken together, the small responses to inheritance tax estimated cannot be supported by the desire to reta...
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作者：Chakravarty, Surajeet; Kaplan, Todd R.; Myles, Gareth
作者单位：University of Exeter; University of Haifa; University of Adelaide
摘要：We present a costly voting model in which each voter has a private valuation for their preferred outcome of a vote. When there is a zero cost to voting, all voters vote and hence all values are counted equally regardless of how high they may be. By having a cost to voting, only those with high enough values would choose to incur this cost. We show that, by adding this cost, welfare may be enhanced even when the cost of voting is wasteful. Such an effect occurs when there is both a large enough...
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作者：Roth, Christopher; Wohlfart, Johannes
作者单位：University of Bonn; Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：We examine whether individuals' experienced levels of income inequality affect their preferences for redistribution. We use several large nationally representative datasets to show that people who have experienced higher inequality during their lives are less in favor of redistribution, after controlling for income, demographics, unemployment experiences and current macroeconomic conditions. They are also less likely to support left-wing parties and to consider the prevailing distribution of i...
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作者：Kellogg, Ryan
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：What are the implications of gasoline price volatility for the design of fuel economy policies? I show that this problem has a strong parallel to Weitzman's (1974) classic model of using price or quantity controls to regulate an externality. Changes in fuel prices act as shocks to the marginal cost of complying with the standard. Assuming constant marginal damages from fuel consumption, an application of Weitzman (1974) implies that a fixed fuel economy standard reduces expected welfare relati...
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作者：Bjuggren, Carl Magnus
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：Current theoretical predictions of how employment protection affects firm productivity are ambiguous. In this paper, I study the effect of employment protection rules on labor productivity using Swedish register data. A reform of employment protection rules in 2001 enabled small firms with fewer than eleven employees to exempt two workers from the seniority rules. I treat this reform as a natural experiment. My results indicate that increased labor market flexibility increases labor productivi...
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作者：Barigozzi, Francesca; Cremer, Helmuth; Roeder, Kerstin
作者单位：University of Bologna; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Augsburg
摘要：Our model explains the observed gender-specific patterns of career and child-care choices through endogenous social norms. We study how these norms contribute to the emergence of a gender wage gap. We show that via the social norm a couple's child-care and career choices impose an externality on other couples, so that the laissez-faire is inefficient. We use our model to study the design and effectiveness of three commonly used policies. We find that child-care subsidies and women quotas can b...
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作者：Bielen, David A.; Newell, Richard G.; Pizer, William A.
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); National Renewable Energy Laboratory - USA; Resources for the Future; Duke University; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：At the end of 2011, the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit (VEETC), which had subsidized the blending of ethanol in gasoline, was allowed to expire. During its tenure, the subsidy was the subject of intense scrutiny concerning who benefited from its existence. Using commodity price data, we estimate the subsidy incidence accruing to corn farmers, ethanol producers, gasoline blenders, and gasoline consumers around the time of expiration. Our empirical approach contributes methodologically to ...
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作者：Fischer, Stefanie; Royer, Heather; White, Corey
作者单位：California State University System; California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Between 2011 and 2014, Texas enacted three pieces of legislation that significantly reduced funding for family planning services and increased restrictions on abortion clinic operations. Together this legislation creates cross-county variation over time in access to abortion and family planning services, which we leverage to understand the impact of family planning and abortion clinic access on abortions, births, and contraceptive purchases. In response to these policies, abortions to Texas re...
