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作者：Ahn, So Yoon
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Severe gender imbalances coupled with stark income differences across countries are driving an increase in cross-border marriages in many Asian countries. I theoretically and empirically study who marries whom and how couples allocate marital surplus in Taiwanese and Vietnamese marriage markets. I find that Taiwanese men are selected from the middle level of the human capital distribution and that Vietnamese women are positively selected for cross-border marriages. I show that changes in the c...
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作者：Carneiro, Pedro; Cruz-Aguayo, Yyannu; Salvati, Francesca; Schady, Norbert
作者单位：University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London; Inter-American Development Bank; University of Essex; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; The World Bank
摘要：We study the impact of classroom rank on children's learning using a unique experiment from Ecuador. Within each school, students were randomly assigned to classrooms in every grade between kindergarten and sixth grade. Students with the same ability can have different classroom ranks because of the (random) peer composition of their classroom. Children with higher beginning-of-grade classroom rank have significantly higher test scores at the end of that grade. The impact of classroom rank is ...
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作者：Zhang, Ning
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper estimates a dynamic life cycle model to study the long-term impacts of housing vouchers on employment and examine how policy reforms affect labor supply and well-being. I show that the current program decreases female employment by 17% and male employment by 7%. Compared with the current program, a proposed reform that provides every recipient with a flat-rate subsidy increases female employment by 4% and leads to higher welfare. Policies that offer a lower subsidy to a larger popul...
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作者：Arntz, Melanie; Lipowski, Cacilia; Neidhoefer, Guido; Zierahn-Weilage, Ulrich
作者单位：Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Utrecht University
摘要：This paper analyzes whether technological change improves equality of labor market opportunities by increasing the returns to skills relative to the returns to parental background. We find that in Germany during the 1990s, the introduction of computer technologies improved the access to technology-adopting occupations for workers with low-educated parents and reduced their wage penalty within these occupations. We also show that this significantly contributed to a decline in the overall wage p...
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作者：Lang, Kevin
作者单位：Boston University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Economists analyzing a well-conducted randomized controlled trial or natural experiment and finding a statistically significant effect conclude that the null of no effect is unlikely to be true. But how frequently is this conclusion warranted? The answer depends on the proportion of tested nulls that are true and the test's power. I model the distribution of t-statistics in leading economics journals. Using my preferred model, 65% of narrowly rejected null hypotheses and 41% of all rejected nu...
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作者：Arendt, Jacob Nielsen; Dustmann, Christian; Ku, Hyejin
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：We immigration reform in Denmark that tightened refugee immigrants' eligibility criteria for permanent residency to incentivize their labor market attachment and acquisition of local language skills. Contrary to what the reform intended, the overall employment of those affected decreased, while their average language proficiency remained largely unchanged. This was caused by a disincentive effect, where individuals with low prereform labor market performance reduced their labor supply. Our fin...
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作者：Hara, Hiromi; Rodriguez-Planas, Nuria
作者单位：Meiji University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY); University of Barcelona
摘要：This paper explores whether a 1990 reform that eliminated gender-segregated and gender normative industrial arts and home economics classes in Japanese junior high schools led to behavioral changes two decades later, when students were married and in their early 40s. Using a regression discontinuity design and Japanese time use data from 2016, we find that the reform narrowed gender gaps in weekend home production and job-related activities by increasing (decreasing) men's engagement in tradit...
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作者：De Groote, Olivier
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：I investigate high school tracking policies using a dynamic discrete choice model of study programs and unobserved effort. I estimate the model using data from Flanders (Belgium) and perform an ex ante evaluation of a policy that encourages underperforming students to switch to less academically oriented programs. This reduces grade retention by a third and dropout by 11%. Although it decreases college enrollment, the decrease in college graduation is small and insignificant. I also show that ...
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作者：Machado, Cecilia; Reyes, German; Riehl, Evan
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Middlebury College; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Cornell University
摘要：We examine the effects of an affirmative action policy at an elite Brazilian university that reserved 45% of admission slots for Black and low-income students. We find that marginally admitted students who enrolled through the affirmative action tracks experienced a 14% increase in early-career earnings. But the adoption of affirmative action also caused a large decrease in earnings for the university's most highly ranked students. We present evidence that the negative spillover effects on hig...
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作者：Bamieh, Omar; Coviello, Decio; Ichino, Andrea; Persico, Nicola
作者单位：Universidad Andres Bello; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; European University Institute; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We document a causal relationship between business uncertainty and workforce management at the firm level by leveraging litigation-generated quasi-experimental variation in business uncertainty. The causal effects of business uncertainty on turnover, hiring, and separations are of the expected negative direction and of sizable magnitude. These consequences are stronger among firms that operate in sectors in which business uncertainty is intrinsically higher and can be attributed to the effect ...
