Soft giant magnetoimpedance electronics enable contact-free human-machine interactions

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Wu, Yizhang; Xing, Sicheng; Yang, Dingyi; Liu, Yihan; Ding, Chi; Li, Zifeng; Jiao, Qizhang; Zhang, Anran; Guo, Ziheng; Liu, Siyuan; Luo, Wei; Yuan, Gongkai; Wang, Meixiang; Wang, Yong; Dickey, Michael D.; Bai, Wubin
• 署名单位: University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Xidian University; Nanjing University; Johns Hopkins University; University of Tokyo; North Carolina State University
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2526097123
• 发表日期: 2026-01-27
• 页码: e2526097123
• 关键词: flexible electronics; magnetoelectronics; human-machine interactions; giant magnetoimpedance; ionogel; magnetoresistance

摘要

Magnetic sensing enables contact-free, three-dimensional human-machine interactions (HMI) with high selectivity and resilience to environmental noise. However, conventional magnetic films, mostly obtained via vacuum deposition, remain constrained by rigidity, instantaneous response, and single-mode. Here, we report a giant magneto-impedance ionogel (GelGMI) in which electrostatically self-assembled ferromagnetic (FM) domains are uniformly dispersed in a soft ionogel matrix. Under a magnetic field, domain moments realign to reconfigure ionic pathways, yielding pronounced magneto-impedance while maintaining performance at >1,000% strain and across orientations. The hysteretic relaxation of domain magnetization imparts retrospective neuron-like temporal summation, realizing sequence-and context-aware interaction. In addition, the self-healable matrix supports a complementary tactile mode whose impedance contrasts with contact-free magnetic proximity, enabling expandable and bimodal recognition. GelGMI delivers a record-high sensitivity while unifying stretchable, neuromorphic, and healable capabilities for contact-free HMI systems.