Observation of emergent scaling of spin-charge correlations at the onset of the pseudogap

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Chalopin, Thomas; Bojovic, Petar; Wang, Si; Franz, Titus; Sinha, Aritra; Wang, Zhenjiu; Bourgund, Dominik; Obermeyer, Johannes; Grusdt, Fabian; Bohrdt, Annabelle; Pollet, Lode; Wietek, Alexander; Georges, Antoine; Hilker, Timon; Bloch, Immanuel
• 署名单位: Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics; Max Planck Society; Universite Paris Saclay; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Polytechnique; Max Planck Society; University of Munich; University of Munich; Lanzhou University; University of Regensburg; Universite PSL; College de France; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Polytechnique; University of Geneva; University of Strathclyde
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2525539123
• 发表日期: 2026-01-27
• 页码: e2525539123
• 关键词: quantum simulation; Fermi-Hubbard; strongly correlated electrons; pseudogap; ultracold atoms; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; hubbard-model; temperature; physics; superconductivity; BEHAVIOR; phase; state

摘要

In strongly correlated materials, interacting electrons are entangled and form collective quantum states, resulting in rich low-temperature phase diagrams. Notable examples include cuprate superconductors, in which superconductivity emerges at low doping out of an unusual pseudogap metallic state above the critical temperature. The Fermi-Hubbard model, describing a wide range of phenomena associated with strong electron correlations, still offers major computational challenges despite its simple formulation. In this context, ultracold atoms quantum simulators have provided invaluable insights into the microscopic nature of correlated quantum states. Here, we use a quantum gas microscope Fermi-Hubbard simulator to explore a wide range of dopings and temperatures in a regime where a pseudogap is known to develop. By measuring multipoint correlation functions up to fifth order, we uncover a universal scaling behavior in magnetic and higher-order spin-charge correlations characterized by a doping-dependent temperature scale. Accurate comparisons with determinant Quantum Monte Carlo and Minimally Entangled Typical Thermal States simulations confirm that this temperature scale is comparable to the pseudogap temperature T & lowast;. Our quantitative findings reveal a qualitative behavior of magnetic properties and spin-charge correlations in an emergent pseudogap and pave the way toward the exploration of charge pairing and collective phenomena expected at lower temperatures.