Hydrogen cyanide and hydrocarbons mix on Titan

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Izquierdo-Ruiz, Fernando; Cable, Morgan L.; Hodyss, Robert; Vu, Tuan H.; Sandstrom, Hilda; Lobato, Alvaro; Rahm, Martin
• 署名单位: Chalmers University of Technology; Complutense University of Madrid; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2507522122
• 发表日期: 2025-07-29
• 页码: e2507522122
• 关键词: cocrystals; hydrogen cyanide; astrochemistry; quantum chemistry; planetary science; dielectric-constant; chemical-composition; organic-chemistry; atmosphere; hcn; tholins; density; water; c2h2; ice

摘要

This work reveals a striking exception to the well-established rule in chemistry that polar and nonpolar compounds do not spontaneously mix: insertion of methane, ethane, and other small hydrocarbons into the crystal lattice of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a highly polar molecule. By mixing these components at cryogenic temperatures, we can observe distinct shifts in vibrational modes using Raman spectroscopy. Our computational predictions confirm that cocrystal structures of HCN and ethane, which match our experimental vibrational shifts closely, are thermodynamically and kinetically stable. Given that methane, ethane, and HCN are major components of the atmosphere and surface of Saturn's moon Titan-where they play key roles in shaping chemistry, weather, and landscape-our findings may prove instrumental for explaining Titan's chemical and geological evolution.