General inverse-cube thickness scaling of projectile penetration energy in ultrathin films

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Zaccone, Alessio; Sirk, Timothy W.
• 署名单位: University of Milan
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2609202123
• 发表日期: 2026-06-16
• 页码: e2609202123
• 关键词: projectile impact; thin films; nanoscale confinement; nonaffine elasticity; 2D materials; graphene; simulations; BEHAVIOR

摘要

Ultrathin films of widely different materials exhibit a dramatic enhancement of projectile penetration resistance under high-velocity impact. Despite extensive simulations and experiments, a unifying physical explanation has remained elusive. Here we show that the specific penetration energy follows a general inverse-cube scaling law, Ep & lowast;(h)=Ep,infinity & lowast;+Bh-3, across chemically and structurally distinct systems. The inverse-cube scaling is traced to a finite-size correction to the effective shear modulus caused by suppression of long-wavelength nonaffine modes. The scaling describes impact data for multilayer graphene, graphene oxide, and polymer thin films, revealing a common elastic contribution to nanoscale impact resistance.