n-Type polymer layers enable efficient, scalable, and thermally stable perovskite solar modules

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Gao, Danpeng; Gong, Jie; Yang, Lei; Wang, Ning; Chang, Bohong; Qian, Liangchen; Vanin, Francesco; Zhang, Chunlei; Yu, Zexin; Li, Shuai; Gong, Jianqiu; Zhu, Zonglong
• 署名单位: City University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.aed8175
• 发表日期: 2026-07-30
• 页码: 498-503
• 关键词: TRANSPORT MATERIALS; cells; FULLERENES; STABILITY

摘要

Fullerene-based electron transport layers (ETLs) used in inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells face issues regarding cost, scalability, and instability, whereas highly stable inorganic oxides feature unfavorable energy alignment and enhance hysteresis, which reduce power conversion efficiency (PCE). We report a nonfullerene conjugated polymer, 2PB-T, that incorporates coplanar and electron-withdrawing perylene bisimide (PBI) units into its backbone. The PBI polymeric backbone and side-chain engineering address the instability of small-molecule ETLs by optimizing electron transport properties, film uniformity, and interfacial binding. Small-area devices achieved a champion PCE of 27.8%, with a certified maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency of 27.3%. Perovskite modules with areas of 20.6 and 625 square centimeters reached PCEs of 24.4 and 22.5%, respectively. Small-area devices retained more than 98.6% of their initial PCE after 1752 hours of continuous MPPT at 85 degrees C in air, and the 625-square-centimeter module maintained 96.9% of its initial PCE after 5900 hours of outdoor operation.