Landscape efficiency frontiers for biodiversity, climate mitigation, and net economic value

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Polasky, Stephen; Hawthorne, Peter L.; Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca; Smith, Jeffrey; Gerber, James S.; Mamun, Saleh; Ruckelshaus, Mary; Russ, Jason; Schmitt, Rafael; Vogl, Adrian L.; Castonguay, Adam C.; Douglass, James; Kowal, Virginia; Madden, Ian; Sharp, Richard; Sohngen, Brent; Chang, Jinfeng; Daily, Gretchen; Heger, Martin Philipp; Holden, Matthew; Johnson, Justin; Mandle, Lisa; McDonald-Madden, Eve; Narain, Urvashi; Ray, Deepak; Ruta, Giovanni; West, Paul C.; Wolny, Stacie; Zaveri, Esha; Damania, Richard
• 署名单位: University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Princeton University; The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Zhejiang University; Stanford University; University of Queensland; University of Queensland; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.aea9058
• 发表日期: 2026-06-04
• 页码: 1069-1074
• 关键词: ecosystem services; land-use; CONSERVATION; ecoregions; management; emissions; benefits; forests; map

摘要

National governments and multilateral institutions face difficult challenges reconciling biodiversity, climate, and economic development goals. We integrated spatial biophysical and economic data with optimization methods to develop sustainable landscape efficiency frontiers that show maximally feasible combinations of biodiversity conservation, land-based climate mitigation, and net economic value from agricultural crops, livestock, and forestry production. We applied this approach in 146 countries and found large potential gains in biodiversity, climate, and economic development from improved land use and land management. Summing national-level results shows the potential to increase climate mitigation by more than 200 billion metric tons of CO2 equivalents (>20% increase) or net economic value by more than US$350 billion (>80% increase), without loss in other objectives.