A 10-million-year biogeographic holding pen primed the Great American Biotic Interchange

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Tseng, Z. Jack; Kahn, Leah X.; Pacheco-Castro, Adolfo; Carranza-Castaneda, Oscar; Aranda-Gomez, Jose Jorge; Wang, Yang; Chavez-Ambriz, Julio Cesar; Hannold, Chance; McDonald, H. Gregory; Wang, Xiaoming
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Stanford University; Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.aef2893
• 发表日期: 2026-07-30
• 页码: 532-536
• 关键词: 1ST FOSSIL RECORD; SANTA-CRUZ FORMATION; UPPER MIOCENE; costa-rica; SIGMODONTINAE RODENTIA; MASS ESTIMATION; middle miocene; mammalia; XENARTHRA; EVOLUTION

摘要

The movement of taxa between North and South America across the Panamanian land bridge, known as the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), established modern-day mammal assemblages in the Americas, heralding the decisive end of what has been called the splendid isolation of the South American fauna. Lacking substantive low-latitude records, previous work on this pattern relied on South American and temperate North American fossils to conclude that pulsed interchanges began about 2.8 million years ago (mya). Based on new low-latitude fossil data from M & eacute;xico, we found evidence for a prolonged, triphasic interchange. Phase 1 consisted of the initial accumulation of northern higher-latitude mammals in a Mexican holding pen beginning 10 mya. Dispersal began in phase 2, with a strong north-south gradient and increasing biogeographic connections (7 to 3 mya). The final phase consisted of the already well-described taxonomic pulses (from similar to 2.8 mya).