Representation of Lesbians and Gay Men in Federal, State, and Local Bureaucracies

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Lewis, Gregory B.; Pitts, David W.
• 署名单位: University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; American University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH AND THEORY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1053-1858
• DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mup030
• 发表日期: 2011
• 页码: 159-180
• 关键词: active representation; public-opinion; UNITED-STATES; GENDER; POLICY; sex; EMPLOYMENT; DISCRETION; ETHNICITY; attitudes

摘要

Using a 5% sample of the 2000 Census, we present the first estimates of the percentages of federal, state, and local government employees who are lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB). For each state, we estimate that percentage not only for its total state and local government workforce but also for three occupations where active representation of LGB interests may be the most important: managers, teachers, and police. We then try to explain variation in LGB representation. Using states as units of analysis, we examine the effects of the LGB share of the labor force, gay rights laws, executive orders, and supportive public opinion on LGB representation. Using individual-level data, we examine whether differences in education, work experience, gender, race/ethnicity, and occupation explain differences between partnered LGBs and heterosexuals in probabilities of working for government.