Measuring returns to experience using supervisor ratings of observed performance: The case of classroom teachers

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Bell, Courtney; James, Jessalynn; Taylor, Eric S.; Wyckoff, James
• 署名单位: University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Virginia
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1520-6871
• DOI: 10.1002/pam.22584
• 发表日期: 2025
• 页码: 12-44
• 关键词: student-achievement; metaanalysis; incentives; schools; IMPACT

摘要

We study the returns to experience in teaching, estimated using supervisor ratings from classroom observations. We describe the assumptions required to interpret changes in observation ratings over time as the causal effect of experience on performance. We compare two difference-in-differences strategies: the two-way fixed effects estimator common in the literature, and an alternative which avoids potential bias arising from effect heterogeneity. Using data from Tennessee and Washington, DC, we show empirical tests relevant to assessing the identifying assumptions and substantive threats-e.g., leniency bias, manipulation, changes in incentives or job assignments-and find our estimates are robust to several threats.