The Dual Challenge of Search and Coordination for Organizational Adaptation: How Structures of Influence Matter

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Kocak, Ozgecan; Levinthal, Daniel A.; Puranam, Phanish
• 署名单位: Emory University; University of Pennsylvania; INSEAD Business School
• 刊物名称: ORGANIZATION SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1047-7039
• DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2022.1601
• 发表日期: 2023
• 页码: 851-869
• 关键词: organizational learning; organization design; computer simulations; computational experiments

摘要

Organizations increasingly need to adapt to challenges in which search and coordination cannot be decoupled. In response, many have experimentedwith agile and flat designs that dismantle traditional forms of hierarchy to harness the distributed knowledge of specialized individuals. Despite the popularity of such practices, there is considerable variation in their implementation as well as conceptual ambiguity about the underlying premise. Does effective rapid experimentation necessarily imply the repudiation of hierarchical structures of influence? We use computational models of multiagent reinforcement learning to study the effectiveness of coordinated search in groups that vary in how they influence each other's beliefs. We compare the behavior of flat and hierarchical teams with a baseline structure without any influence on beliefs (a crowd) when all three are placed in the same task environments. We find that influence on beliefs-whether it is hierarchical or not-makes it less likely that agents stabilize prematurely around their own experiences. However, flat teams can engage in excessive exploration, finding it difficult to converge on good alternatives, whereas hierarchical influence on beliefs reduces simultaneous uncoordinated exploration, introducing a degree of rapid exploitation. As a result, teams that need to achieve agility (i.e., rapid satisfactory results) in environments that require coordinated search may benefit from a hierarchical structure of influence-even when the apex actor has no superior knowledge, foresight, or capacity to control subordinates' actions.