The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Johanson, Jan; Vahlne, Jan-Erik
• 署名单位: Uppsala University; University of Gothenburg
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0047-2506
• DOI: 10.1057/jibs.2009.24
• 发表日期: 2009
• 页码: 1411-1431
• 关键词: internationalization theories and foreign market entry; Network relations theory; experiential knowledge; COMMITMENT; trust; opportunity

摘要

The Uppsala internationalization process model is revisited in the light of changes in business practices and theoretical advances that have been made since 1977. Now the business environment is viewed as a web of relationships, a network, rather than as a neoclassical market with many independent suppliers and customers. Outsidership, in relation to the relevant network, more than psychic distance, is the root of uncertainty. The change mechanisms in the revised model are essentially the same as those in the original version, although we add trust-building and knowledge creation, the latter to recognize the fact that new knowledge is developed in relationships. Journal of International Business Studies (2009), 40, 1411-1431. doi: 10.1057/jibs.2009.24