Quality Charters or Quality Members? A Control Theory Perspective on Team Charters and Team Performance

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Courtright, Stephen H.; McCormick, Brian W.; Mistry, Sal; Wang, Jiexin
• 署名单位: Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Northern Illinois University; Southern Methodist University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0021-9010
• DOI: 10.1037/apl0000229
• 发表日期: 2017
• 页码: 1462-1470
• 关键词: team charters; Control; team personality; group cohesion; self-managing teams

摘要

Though prevalent in practice, team charters have only recently received scholarly attention. However, most of this work has been relatively devoid of theory, and consequently, key questions about why and under what conditions team charter quality affects team performance remain unanswered. To address these gaps, we draw on macro organizational control theory to propose that team charter quality serves as a team-level behavior control mechanism that builds task cohesion through a structured exercise. We then juxtapose team charter quality with an input team control mechanism that influences the emergence of task cohesion more organically: team conscientiousness. Given their redundant effects on task cohesion, we propose that the effects of team charter quality and team conscientiousness on team performance (through task cohesion) are substitutive such that team charter quality primarily impacts team performance for teams that are low (vs. high) on conscientiousness. We test and find support for our hypotheses in a sample of 239 undergraduate self-managing project teams. Our study contributes to the groups and teams literature in the following ways: first, relative to previous studies, we take a more theory-driven approach toward understanding team charters, and in doing so, uncover when and why team charter quality impacts team performance; second, we integrate two normally disparate perspectives on team effectiveness (team development and team selection) to offer a broader perspective on how teams are built; and third, we introduce team charter quality as a performance-enhancing mechanism for teams lower on conscientiousness.