Individual Differences and Their Measurement: A Review of 100 Years of Research

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Sackett, Paul R.; Lievens, Filip; Van Iddekinge, Chad H.; Kuncel, Nathan R.
• 署名单位: University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Ghent University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0021-9010
• DOI: 10.1037/apl0000151
• 发表日期: 2017
• 页码: 254-273
• 关键词: individual differences; ability; personality; interests; motivation

摘要

This article reviews 100 years of research on individual differences and their measurement, with a focus on research published in the Journal of Applied Psychology. We focus on 3 major individual differences domains: (a) knowledge, skill, and ability, including both the cognitive and physical domains; (b) personality, including integrity, emotional intelligence, stable motivational attributes (e.g., achievement motivation, core self-evaluations), and creativity; and (c) vocational interests. For each domain, we describe the evolution of the domain across the years and highlight major theoretical, empirical, and methodological developments, including relationships between individual differences and variables such as job performance, job satisfaction, and career development. We conclude by discussing future directions for individual differences research. Trends in the literature include a growing focus on substantive issues rather than on the measurement of individual differences, a differentiation between constructs and measurement methods, and the use of innovative ways of assessing individual differences, such as simulations, other-reports, and implicit measures.