Environmental Demands and the Emergence of Social Structure: Technological Dynamism and Interorganizational Network Forms

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Tatarynowicz, Adam; Sytch, Maxim; Gulati, Ranjay
• 署名单位: Singapore Management University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Harvard University
• 刊物名称: ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE QUARTERLY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0001-8392
• DOI: 10.1177/0001839215609083
• 发表日期: 2016
• 页码: 52-86
• 关键词: ALLIANCE FORMATION; EVOLUTION; diffusion; collaboration; Embeddedness; governance; industries; ORGANIZATIONS; CONSEQUENCES; PERSPECTIVES

摘要

This study investigates the origins of variation in the structures of interorganizational networks across industries. We combine empirical analyses of existing interorganizational networks in six industries with an agent-based simulation model of network emergence. Using data on technology partnerships from 1983 to 1999 between firms in the automotive, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, chemicals, microelectronics, new materials, and telecommunications industries, we find that differences in technological dynamism across industries and the concomitant demands for value creation engender variations in firms' collaborative behaviors. On average, firms in technologically dynamic industries pursue more-open ego networks, which fosters access to new and diverse resources that help sustain continuous innovation. In contrast, firms in technologically stable industries on average pursue more-closed ego networks, which fosters reliable collaboration and helps preserve existing resources. We show that because of the observed cross-industry differences in firms' collaborative behaviors, the emergent industry-wide networks take on distinct structural forms. Technologically stable industries feature clan networks, characterized by low network connectedness and rather strong community structures. Technologically dynamic industries feature community networks, characterized by high network connectedness and medium-to-strong community structures. Convention networks, which feature high network connectedness and weak community structures, were not evident among the empirical networks we examined. Taken together, our findings advance an environmental contingency theory of network formation, which proposes a close association between the characteristics of actors' environment and the processes of network formation among actors.