Real Effects of Information Frictions: When the States and the Kingdom Became United

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Steinwender, Claudia
• 署名单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0002-8282
• DOI: 10.1257/aer.20150681
• 发表日期: 2018
• 页码: 657-696
• 关键词: INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; market performance; telegraph; networks; COSTS; COMMUNICATION; TECHNOLOGY; EFFICIENCY; industry; internet

摘要

This paper exploits a unique historical experiment to estimate how information frictions distort international trade: the establishment of the transatlantic telegraph in 1866. I use newly collected data on cotton prices, trade, and information flows from historical newspapers and find that the average and volatility of the transatlantic price difference fell after the telegraph, while average trade flows increased and became more volatile. Using a trade model in which exporters use the latest news about a foreign market to forecast expected prices, I estimate the efficiency gains of the telegraph to be equivalent to 8 percent of export value.