Place-Based Drivers of Mortality: Evidence from Migration

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Finkelstein, Amy; Gentzkow, Matthew; Williams, Heidi
• 署名单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0002-8282
• DOI: 10.1257/aer.20190825
• 发表日期: 2021
• 页码: 2697-2735
• 关键词: health-care; regional-variations; UNITED-STATES; geographic-variation; smoking; neighborhood; behaviors; adults; US; association

摘要

We estimate the effect of current location on elderly mortality by analyzing outcomes of movers in the Medicare population. We control for movers' origin locations as well as a rich vector of pre-move health measures. We also develop a novel strategy to adjust for remaining unobservables, using the correlation of residual mortality with movers' origins to gauge the importance of omitted variables. We estimate substantial effects of current location. Moving from a tenth to a ninetieth percentile location would increase life expectancy at age 65 by 1.1 years, and equalizing location effects would reduce cross-sectional variation in life expectancy by 15 percent. Places with favorable life expectancy effects tend to have higher quality and quantity of health care, less extreme climates, lower crime rates, and higher socioeconomic status.