Does Race Matter for Police Use of Force? Evidence from 911 Calls

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Hoekstra, Mark; Sloan, CarlyWill
• 署名单位: Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0002-8282
• DOI: 10.1257/aer.20201292
• 发表日期: 2022
• 页码: 827-860
• 关键词: racial bias; VEHICLE SEARCHES; GENDER; DISCRIMINATION; disparities; IMPACT; rates

摘要

This paper examines race and police use of force using data on 1.6 million 911 calls in two cities, neither of which allows for discretion in officer dispatch. Results indicate White officers increase force much more than minority officers when dispatched to more minority neighborhoods. Estimates indicate Black (Hispanic) civilians are 55 (75) percent more likely to experience any force, and five times as likely to experience a police shooting, compared to if White officers scaled up force similarly to minority officers. Additionally, 14 percent of White officers use excess force in Black neighborhoods relative to our statistical benchmark.