HUMAN CAPITAL AND INDUSTRIALIZATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Squicciarini, Mara P.; Voigtlaender, Nico
• 署名单位: KU Leuven; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
• 刊物名称: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0033-5533
• DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjv025
• 发表日期: 2015
• 页码: 1825-1883
• 关键词: economic-growth; cognitive skills; cross-section; TECHNOLOGY; institutions; revolution; origins; height; INNOVATION; diffusion

摘要

While human capital is a strong predictor of economic development today, its importance for the Industrial Revolution has typically been assessed as minor. To resolve this puzzling contrast, we differentiate average human capital (literacy) from upper-tail knowledge. As a proxy for the historical presence of knowledge elites, we use city-level subscriptions to the famous Encyclopedie in mid-18th century France. We show that subscriber density is a strong predictor of city growth after the onset of French industrialization. Alternative measures of development such as soldier height, disposable income, and industrial activity confirm this pattern. Initial literacy levels, on the other hand, are associated with development in the cross-section, but they do not predict growth. Finally, by joining data on British patents with a large French firm survey from the 1840s, we shed light on the mechanism: upper-tail knowledge raised productivity in innovative industrial technology.