WHO BECOMES A POLITICIAN?

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Dal B'o, Ernesto; Finan, Frederico; Folke, Olle; Persson, Torsten; Rickne, Johanna
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Uppsala University; Stockholm University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
• 刊物名称: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0033-5533
• DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjx016
• 发表日期: 2017
• 页码: 1877-1914
• 关键词: EDUCATED LEADERS; minorities; matter; INDIA; MODEL

摘要

Can a democracy attract competent leaders, while attaining broad representation? Economicmodels suggest that free-riding incentives and lower opportunity costs give the less competent a comparative advantage at entering political life. Moreover, if elites have more human capital, selecting on competence may lead to uneven representation. This article examines patterns of political selection among the universe of municipal politicians and national legislators in Sweden, using extraordinarily rich data on competence traits and social background for the entire population. We document four new facts that together characterize an inclusive meritocracy. First, politicians are on average significantly smarter and better leaders than the population they represent. Second, this positive selection is present even when conditioning on family (and hence social) background, suggesting that individual competence is key for selection. Third, the representation of social background, whether measured by parental earnings or occupational social class, is remarkably even. Fourth, there is at best a weak trade-off in selection between competence and social representation, mainly due to strong positive selection of politicians of low (parental) socioeconomic status. A broad implication of these facts is that it is possible for democracy to generate competent and socially representative leadership.