Economic Consequences of Kinship: Evidence From US Bans on Cousin Marriage*

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Ghosh, Arkadev; Hwang, Sam Il Myoung; Squires, Munir
• 署名单位: Duke University; University of British Columbia
• 刊物名称: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0033-5533
• DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjad018
• 发表日期: 2023
• 页码: 2559-2606
• 关键词: CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE; CHURCH MEMBERSHIP; american; populations; EVOLUTION; migration; surnames; benefits; mobility

摘要

Close-kin marriage, by sustaining tightly knit family structures, may impede development. We find support for this hypothesis using U.S. state bans on cousin marriage. Our measure of cousin marriage comes from the excess frequency of same-surname marriages, a method borrowed from population genetics that we apply to millions of marriage records from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. Using census data, we first show that married cousins are more rural and have lower-paying occupations. We then turn to an event study analysis to understand how cousin marriage bans affected outcomes for treated birth cohorts. We find that these bans led individuals from families with high rates of cousin marriage to migrate off farms and into urban areas. They also gradually shift to higher-paying occupations. We observe increased dispersion, with individuals from these families living in a wider range of locations and adopting more diverse occupations. Our findings suggest that these changes were driven by the social and cultural effects of dispersed family ties rather than genetics. Notably, the bans also caused more people to live in institutional settings for the elderly, infirm, or destitute, suggesting weaker support from kin.