The framing of games and the psychology of play

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Dufwenberg, Martin; Gaechter, Simon; Hennig-Schmidt, Heike
• 署名单位: University of Nottingham; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Bonn; University of Arizona; University of Gothenburg
• 刊物名称: GAMES AND ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0899-8256
• DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2011.02.003
• 发表日期: 2011
• 页码: 459-478
• 关键词: Framing; Psychological game theory; Guilt aversion; RECIPROCITY; Public good games; Voluntary cooperation

摘要

Psychological game theory can provide rational-choice-based framing effects; frames influence beliefs, beliefs influence motivations. We explain this theoretically and explore empirical relevance experimentally. In a 2 x 2 design of one-shot public good games we show that frames affect subject's first- and second-order beliefs and contributions. From a psychological game-theoretic framework we derive two mutually compatible hypotheses about guilt aversion and reciprocity under which contributions are related to second- and first-order beliefs, respectively. Our results are consistent with either. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.