The small open economy in a generalized gravity model

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Demidova, Svetlana; Kucheryavyy, Konstantin; Naito, Takumi; Rodriguez-Clare, Andres
• 署名单位: McMaster University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY); Waseda University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0022-1996
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103997
• 发表日期: 2024
• 关键词: small open economy; Gravity model of trade; Optimal trade policy

摘要

To provide sharp answers to basic questions in international trade, a standard approach is to focus on a small open economy (SOE). Whereas the classic tradition is to define a SOE as an economy that takes world prices as given, in the new trade literature it is defined instead as one that takes foreign-good prices and export demand schedules as given. We develop a gravity model that nests all its standard microfoundations and show how to take the limit so that an economy that becomes infinitesimally small behaves like a SOE. We then derive comparative statics and optimal policy for the SOE. Ignoring standard tax indeterminacies, optimal policy is characterized by export taxes and import tariffs equal to the (inverse) foreign demand and supply elasticities, respectively, and employment subsidies determined by the scale elasticity (under perfect competition) or markups (under monopolistic competition).