DO RESEARCH JOINT VENTURES SERVE A COLLUSIVE FUNCTION?

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Sovinsky, Michelle
• 署名单位: University of Mannheim
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1542-4766
• DOI: 10.1093/jeea/jvab041
• 发表日期: 2022
• 页码: 430-475
• 关键词: research-and-development; development cooperation; market power; ANTITRUST; ENFORCEMENT; INNOVATION; mergers; EFFICIENCY; leniency; cartels

摘要

Every year thousands of firms are engaged in research joint ventures (RJV), where all knowledge gained through research and development (R&D) is shared among members. Most of the empirical literature assumes members are non-cooperative in the product market. But many RJV members are rivals leaving open the possibility that firms may form RJVs to facilitate product market collusion. We examine this by exploiting variation in RJV formation generated by a policy change that affects the collusive benefits but not the research synergies associated with a RJV. We use data on RJVs formed between 1986 and 2001 together with firm-level information from Compustat to estimate a RJV participation equation. After correcting for the endogeneity of R&D and controlling for RJV characteristics and firm attributes, we find the decision to join is impacted by the policy change. We also find the magnitude is significant: the policy change resulted in an average drop in the probability of joining a RJV of 41% among computer and semiconductor manufacturers, 34% among telecommunications firms, and 33% among petroleum refining firms. Our results are consistent with research joint ventures serving a collusive function.