Sampling Mars: Geologic context and preliminary characterization of samples collected by the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Herd, Christopher D. K.; Bosak, Tanja; Hausrath, Elisabeth M.; Hickman-Lewis, Keyron; Mayhew, Lisa E.; Shuster, David L.; Simon, Justin I.; Siljestrom, Sandra; Weiss, Benjamin P.; Wadhwa, Meenakshi; Zorzano, Maria - Paz; Maki, Justin N.; Farley, Kenneth A.; Stack, Kathryn M.
• 署名单位: University of Alberta; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Las Vegas; University of London; Birkbeck University London; University of Bologna; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Johnson Space Center; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA); National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-12974
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404255121
• 发表日期: 2025-01-14
• 关键词: science; crater; water

摘要

The NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission has collected samples of rock, regolith, and atmosphere within the Noachian-aged Jezero Crater, once the site of a delta- lake system with a high potential for habitability and biosignature preservation. Between sols 109 and 1,088 of the mission, 27 sample tubes have been sealed, including witness tubes. Each sealed sample tube has been collected along with detailed documentation provided by the Perseverance instrument payload, preserving geological and environmental context. Samples representative of the stratigraphy within each of four campaigns have been collected: samples from the Crater Floor Campaign represent a suite of potentially petrogenetically related igneous rocks displaying variable degrees of aqueous alteration; samples from the Fan Front record fluvial to deltaic sediments formed by the transport and deposition of materials from the Jezero watershed; regolith samples from the Fan Front preserve material possibly representative of global dust as well as diverse, locally derived clasts; Upper Fan samples record the latest stages of aqueous activity within Jezero; and samples from the Margin Campaign preserve lacustrine, littoral, or possibly igneous processes that may have occurred early in the history of the crater. Along with anticipated samples from the older rocks within the rim of Jezero Crater, Perseverance promises to deliver a suite of samples preserving a diversity of formation environments and ages. Upon return to Earth and analysis in terrestrial laboratories, these samples would address longstanding questions pertaining to the geologic evolution of Mars, its habitability, and the potential for life outside the Earth.