The effect of CO2 ramping rate on the transient weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Hankel, Camille
• 署名单位: University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-12017
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2411357121
• 发表日期: 2025-01-07
• 关键词: multiple equilibria regime; thermohaline circulation; STABILITY; climate; amoc; MODEL; RECOVERY; STATES

摘要

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the global climate that is projected to weaken under future anthropogenic climate change. While many studies have investigated the AMOC's response to different levels and types of forcing in climate models, relatively little attention has been paid to the AMOC's sensitivity to the rate of forcing change, despite it also being highly uncertain in future emissions scenarios. In this study, I isolate the AMOC's response to different rates of CO2 increase in a state-of-the-art global climate model and find that the AMOC undergoes more severe weakening under faster rates of CO2 change, even when the magnitude of CO2 change is the same. I then propose an AMOC-ocean heat transport-sea ice feedback that enhances the decline of the circulation and explains the dependence on the rate of forcing change. The AMOC's rate-sensitive behavior leads to qualitatively different climates (including differing Arctic sea ice evolution) at the same CO2 concentration, highlighting how the rate of forcing change is itself a key driver of global climatic change.