Increasing pesticide diversity impairs soil microbial functions

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Ni, Bang; Xiao, Lu; Lin, Da; Zhang, Tian- Lun; Zhang, Qi; Liu, Yanjie; Chen, Quan; Zhu, Dong; Qian, Haifeng; Rillig, Matthias C.; Zhu, Yong- Guan
• 署名单位: Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Urban Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Northeast Institute of Geography & Agroecology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Shaoxing University; Kunming University of Science & Technology; Zhejiang University of Technology; Free University of Berlin; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), CAS
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-11528
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2419917122
• 发表日期: 2025-01-14
• 关键词: agricultural soils; communities; residues; IMPACT; fungi

摘要

Pesticide application is essential for stabilizing agricultural production. However, the effects of increasing pesticide diversity on soil microbial functions remain unclear, particularly under varying nitrogen (N) fertilizer management practices. In this study, we investigated the stochasticity of soil microbes and multitrophic networks through amplicon sequencing, assessed soil community functions related to carbon (C), N, phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) cycling, and characterized the dominant bacterial life history strategies via metagenomics along a gradient of increasing pesticide diversity under two N addition levels. Our findings show that higher pesticide diversity enriches the abundance of bacterial specialists and opportunists capable of degrading or resisting pesticides, reducing the proportion of bacterial generalists in the absence of N addition. These shifts can complicate multitrophic microbial networks. Under increased pesticide diversity, selective pressure may drive bacteria to streamline their average genome size to conserve energy while enhancing C, N, P, and S metabolic capacities, thus accelerating soil nutrient loss. In comparison, N addition was found to reduce bacterial niche differentiation at higher pesticide diversity, mitigating the impacts of network complexity and functional traits associated with pesticide diversity, ultimately alleviating soil nutrient loss. Our results reveal the contrasting impacts of pesticide diversity on microbial functions under different N input scenarios and emphasize that strategic N fertilizer management can mitigate the ecological effects of pesticide use in agricultural systems.