The discovery of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) in eastern China during the 9th millennium BP and its domestication in East Asia

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Chen, Xuexiang; Sun, Zejuan; Zhang, Shuhan; Lee, Gyoung - Ah; Nasu, Hiroo; Zhang, Fei; Cai, Haohong; Liu, Xu; Gao, Jixi; Zhu, Chao; Lang, Jianfeng; Zhao, Zhijun; Liu, Xinyi
• 署名单位: Shandong University; Shandong University; Anhui University; University of Oregon; Okayama University of Science; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Shandong University; Washington University (WUSTL)
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-10302
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2510835122
• 发表日期: 2025-09-30
• 关键词: grain-size; origins; complex; starch; site; exploitation; EVOLUTION; remains; maize

摘要

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) is a key legume widely cultivated in East Asia, prized for both its nutritional value and nitrogen- fixing properties. This paper presents one of the oldest directly dated archaeological finds of adzuki bean, recovered from the Xiaogao site in Shandong, China, and dated to 8985- 8645 and 8032- 7939 cal. BP-predating previously known Chinese records by at least 4,000 y (approximately 6,000 y considering published directly dated evidence alone). The evidence suggests that adzuki beans formed part of an Early Neolithic multicropping system alongside millet, rice, and soybean in a well- established agricultural tradition in the Lower Yellow River region. Morphometric analysis of adzuki beans from 41 archaeological sites across East Asia reveals a gradual increase in seed size over time when regional data are aggregated, yet highlights distinct regional trajectories. These patterns reflect complex, multiregional domestication processes shaped by both cultural practices and ecological conditions. Notably, the marked differences in bean sizes observed between the Neolithic Yellow and associated selective pressures.