Changes in agglomeration and productivity are poor predictors of inequality across the archaeological record

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Ortman, Scott G.; Bogaard, Amy; Munson, Jessica; Lawrence, Dan; Green, Adam S.; Feinman, Gary M.; Chirikure, Shadreck; Uhl, Johannes H.; Leyk, Stefan
• 署名单位: University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; The Santa Fe Institute; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Oxford; Durham University; University of York - UK; University of York - UK; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); European Commission Joint Research Centre; EC JRC ISPRA Site; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-8987
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400693122
• 发表日期: 2025-04-22

摘要

We address three basic issues regarding the long-term dynamics of inequality in society. First, we consider the interpretation of residence sizes in socioeconomic terms by comparing statistical patterns extracted from the Global Dynamics of Inequality (GINI) Project database with those from the 21st-century United States. Second, we examine the degree to which the size and productivity of human networks is systematically related to inequality. Finally, we investigate relationships between productivity and productivity growth distributions for patterns of inequality and development across preindustrial societies. We find that across preindustrial societies residence size distributions provide a reasonable proxy for the distribution of productivity (income, a flow of physical and social resources to the group) and a minimum estimator for the distribution of wealth (a stock of such resources accumulated over time); that scale and productivity affect levels of inequality but account for only a small fraction of the observed variance across societies; and that inequality growth is independent of productivity growth, on average and over time. These findings have important implications for efforts to promote more equitable economic development in the present.