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作者：Buera, Francisco J.; Kaboski, Joseph P.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：Two traditional explanations for structural changes are sector-biased technological progress and non-homothetic preferences. This paper integrates both into an otherwise standard growth model and quantitatively evaluates them vis-a-vis time series. The exercise identifies a set of puzzles for standard theories: (i) the model cannot account for the steep decline in manufacturing and rise in services in the later data; (ii) the standard model requires implausibly low elasticity of substitution a...
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作者：Bar, Talia; Basu, Kaushik
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：The paper uses an overlapping generations model to examine the effects of an increase in a household's land ownership on child labor. Consistent with previous studies, it found that small increases in land lead to increased child labor. However, as land continues to increase child labor declines. Further, even when an increase in land ownership causes an immediate rise in child labor, there are contexts where long-run child labor (that is aggregated over progenies) declines. (JEL: O10, D13, E20)
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作者：Dur, Robert
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：We develop a model of manager-employee relationships where employees care more for their manager when they are more convinced that their manager cares for them. Managers can signal their altruistic feelings towards their employees in two ways: by offering a generous wage and by giving attention. Contrary to the traditional gift-exchange hypothesis, we show that altruistic managers may offer lower wages and nevertheless build up better social-exchange relationships with their employees than ego...
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作者：Doepke, Matthias; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Zurich
摘要：Child labor is a persistent phenomenon in many developing countries. In recent years, support has been growing among rich-country governments and consumer groups for the use of trade policies, such as product boycotts and the imposition of international labor standards, to reduce child labor in poor countries. In this paper, we discuss research on the long-run implications of such policies. In particular, we demonstrate that such measures may have the unintended side effect of lowering domesti...
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作者：van den Berg, Gerard J.; Bergemann, Annette H.; Caliendo, Marco
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Labor market programs may affect unemployed individuals' behavior before they enroll. Such ex ante effects are hard to identify without model assumptions. We develop a novel method that relates self-reported perceived treatment rates and job-search behavioral outcomes, like the reservation wage, to each other, among newly unemployed workers. Job search theory is used to derive theoretical predictions. To deal with effect heterogeneity and selectivity, the effects of interest are estimated by p...
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作者：Crawford, Vincent P.; Kugler, Tamar; Neeman, Zvika; Pauzner, Ady
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Arizona; Boston University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：This paper begins to explore behavioral mechanism design, replacing equilibrium by a model based on level-k thinking, which has strong support in experiments. In representative examples, we consider optimal sealed-bid auctions with two symmetric bidders who have independent private values, assuming that the designer knows the distribution of level-k bidders. We show that in a first-price auction, level-k bidding changes the optimal reserve price and often yields expected revenue that exceeds M...
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作者：Knoepfle, Daniel T.; Wang, Joseph Tao-yi; Camerer, Colin F.
作者单位：Stanford University; National Taiwan University; California Institute of Technology
摘要：We report results from an exploratory study using eye-tracking recording of information acquisition by players in a game theoretic learning paradigm. Eye-tracking is used to observe what information subjects look at in 4x4 normal-form games; the eye-tracking results favor sophisticated learning over adaptive learning and lend support to anticipatory or sophisticated models of learning in which subjects look at payoffs of other players to anticipate what those players might do. The decision dat...
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作者：Borghans, Lex; Heckman, James J.; Golsteyn, Bart H. H.; Meijers, Huub
作者单位：Maastricht University; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper demonstrates gender differences in risk aversion and ambiguity aversion. It also contributes to a growing literature relating economic preference parameters to psychological measures by asking whether variations in preference parameters among persons, and in particular across genders, can be accounted for by differences in personality traits and traits of cognition. Women are more risk-averse than men. Over an initial range, women require no further compensation for the introduction...
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作者：Cunha, Flavio; Heckman, James J.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Chicago; University College Dublin
摘要：Recent research on the economics of human development deepens understanding of the origins of inequality and excellence. It draws on and contributes to personality psychology and the psychology of human development. Inequalities in family environments and investments in children are substantial. They causally affect the development of capabilities. Both cognitive and noncognitive capabilities determine success in life but to varying degrees for different outcomes. An empirically determined tec...
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作者：Qian, Nancy; Yanagizawa, David
作者单位：Brown University; Stockholm University
摘要：This paper uses a country-level panel data set to test the hypothesis that the United States biases its human rights reports of countries based on the latters' strategic value. We use the difference between the U. S. State Department's and Amnesty International's reports as a measure of U. S. bias. For plausibly exogenous variation in strategic value to the U. S., we compare this bias between U. S. Cold War (CW) allies to non-CW allies, before and after the CW ended. The results show that ally...
