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作者：Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：Patent enforcement in developing countries generates considerable controversy, especially when patents involve potentially life-saving drugs. This paper argues that common concerns regarding the effects of patents on prices and on research incentives of pharmaceutical multinationals are misplaced. Rather, the most significant effects are likely to concern access to patented drugs in poor countries. Because prices in developing countries are much lower than in the developed world, multinational...
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作者：Erdil, Aytek; Klemperer, Paul
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：We propose a new, easy-to-implement class of payment rules, Reference Rules to make core-selecting package auctions more robust. Small, almost-riskless, profitable deviations from truthful bidding are often easy for bidders to find under currently used payment rules. Reference Rules perform better than existing rules on our marginal-incentive-to-deviate criterion, and are as robust as existing rules to large deviations. Other considerations, including fairness and comprehensibility, also suppo...
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作者：Fabiani, Silvia; Kwapil, Claudia; Room, Tairi; Galuscak, Kamil; Lamo, Ana
作者单位：Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB); Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank); European Central Bank
摘要：Based on an ad hoc firm-level survey on wage and pricing policies conducted in a large number of European countries, this study finds that about 60% of firms change base wages once a year with some clustering of wage changes observed in January. Differences in the frequency of wage changes between firms are mainly attributable to the institutional framework of the labor market in which they operate. There is evidence of both nominal and real downward wage rigidity. Moreover, when facing a nega...
