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作者：Glaeser, Edward L.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Historically, urban growth required enough development to grow and transport significant agricultural surpluses or a government effective enough to build an empire. But there has been an explosion of poor mega-cities over the last 30 years. A simple urban model illustrates that in closed economies, agricultural prosperity leads to more urbanization, but that in an open economy, urbanization increases with agricultural desperation. The challenge of developing world mega-cities is that poverty a...
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作者：Alfaro, Laura; Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem; Volosovych, Vadym
作者单位：Harvard University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：We construct measures of net private and public capital flows for a large cross-section of developing countries considering both creditor and debtor side of the international debt transactions. Using these measures, we demonstrate that sovereign-to-sovereign transactions account for upstream capital flows and global imbalances. Specifically, we find that (i) international net private capital flows (inflows minus outflows of private capital) are positively correlated with countries' productivit...
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作者：Grosjean, Pauline
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：The paper tests the popular hypothesis that the high prevalence of homicide in the South of the United States originates from the settlement by herders from the fringes of Britain in the 18th century. I find that historical Scots-Irish presence is associated with higher contemporary homicide, particularly by white offenders, and that a culture of violence was transmitted to subsequent generationsbut only in the South and, more generally, where historical institutional quality was low. The inte...
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作者：Levy, Gilat; Razin, Ronny
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We develop a model of social signaling of religiosity and cooperative behavior in religious organizations. The model embeds a ritual-based religious organization in which signaling arises through the use of costly rituals, and a discipline-based religious organization in which such signaling occurs through the monitoring of past behavior. We use this framework to contrastpositively and normativelythese two forms of social signaling. We show that ritual-based religions, while using a costly and...
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作者：Heffetz, Ori; List, John A.
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Chicago
摘要：A hallmark result within behavioral economics is that individuals' choices are affected by current endowments. A recent theory due to Kszegi and Rabin (, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121, 1133-1165) explains such endowment effect with a model of expectations-based reference-dependent preferences. Departing from past work, we conduct complementary experiments to disentangle expectationsverified probabilistic beliefs held by subjectsfrom other features of endowmentsuch as assignment to a good...
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作者：Folke, Olle
作者单位：Columbia University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：In proportional representation (PR) systems, political power is typically shared across several political parties. Many parties are small and focused on specific policies, such as environmental policy and immigration. Do these small parties matter for policy? I provide the first systematic evidence for this by developing the first regression discontinuity design tailored specifically for PR systems. With this method, which can be applied in all countries with PR systems, I estimate the causal ...
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作者：Vives, Xavier
作者单位：University of Navarra; IESE Business School
摘要：This paper presents conditions for a resolution of the Grossman-Stiglitz paradox of informationally efficient markets. We display a market with asymmetric information where a privately revealing equilibrium obtains in a competitive framework and where incentives to acquire information are preserved as long as the correlation in traders' valuations is not too large. The equilibrium is efficient, and the problems associated with fully revealing rational expectations equilibria are precluded with...
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作者：Arellano, Manuel
摘要：The purpose of this paper is to review newly developed identification and estimation tools that are relevant for the analysis of dynamic dependence structures of income risk. I present an application to nonlinear permanent-transitory models of household income using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), but the empirical approach is more generally applicable. Household income processes are of interest because the size of shocks, the nature of their persistence, and cross-househo...
