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作者：Levy, Gilat; Razin, Ronny
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We develop a model of social signaling of religiosity and cooperative behavior in religious organizations. The model embeds a ritual-based religious organization in which signaling arises through the use of costly rituals, and a discipline-based religious organization in which such signaling occurs through the monitoring of past behavior. We use this framework to contrastpositively and normativelythese two forms of social signaling. We show that ritual-based religions, while using a costly and...
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作者：Geys, Benny; Vermeir, Jan
作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School; Vrije Universiteit Brussel
摘要：In federal countries, voters' ability to evaluate the performance of their leaders might be reduced when different levels of government shape policy outcomes. This can blur political accountability. In this article, we analyze how party cues (i.e., politicians' party membership acting as a cue towards their characteristics) affect voters' incomplete information in a federal setting. We theoretically show that party cues allow indirect inference regarding politicians using observed policy outco...
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作者：Heffetz, Ori; List, John A.
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Chicago
摘要：A hallmark result within behavioral economics is that individuals' choices are affected by current endowments. A recent theory due to Kszegi and Rabin (, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121, 1133-1165) explains such endowment effect with a model of expectations-based reference-dependent preferences. Departing from past work, we conduct complementary experiments to disentangle expectationsverified probabilistic beliefs held by subjectsfrom other features of endowmentsuch as assignment to a good...
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作者：Baeriswyl, Romain; Cornand, Camille
作者单位：Swiss National Bank (SNB)
摘要：Financial markets are known for overreacting to public information. Central banks can reduce this overreaction either by disclosing information to only a fraction of market participants (partial publicity) or by disclosing information to all participants but with ambiguity (partial transparency). In theory, overreaction can be similarly reduced by either communication strategy. A laboratory experiment shows that both communication strategies succeed in reducing overreaction, though not as much...
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作者：Conconi, Paola; Sahuguet, Nicolas; Zanardi, Maurizio
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; Lancaster University
摘要：Democracies rarely engage in conflicts with one another, though they are not averse to fighting autocracies. We exploit the existence in many countries of executive term limits to show that electoral accountability is the key reason behind this democratic peace phenomenon. We construct a new dataset of term limits for a sample of 177 countries over the 1816-2001 period, and combine this information with a large dataset of interstate conflicts. Our empirical analysis shows that, although democr...
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作者：Gneezy, Uri; Rey-Biel, Pedro
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：We report evidence from a large field experiment that compares the effectiveness of contingent and noncontingent incentives in eliciting costly effort for a large range of payment levels. The company with which we worked sent 7,250 letters asking customers to complete a survey. Some letters promised to pay amounts ranging from $1 to $30 upon compliance (contingent incentives), whereas others already contained the money in the request envelopes (noncontingent incentives). Compared to no payment...
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作者：Dercon, Stefan; Porter, Catherine
作者单位：University of Oxford; Heriot Watt University
摘要：In 1984, the world was shocked at the scale of a famine in Ethiopia that caused over half a million deaths, making it one of the worst in recent history. The mortality impacts are clearly significant. But what of the survivors? This paper provides the first estimates of the long-term impact of the famine 20 years later, on the height of young adults aged 19-22 years who experienced this severe shock as infants during the crisis. An innovative feature of the analysis is that famine intensity is...
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作者：Schwartzstein, Joshua
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：What do we notice and how does this affect what we learn and come to believe? I present a model of an agent who learns to make forecasts on the basis of readily available information, but is selective as to which information he attends to: he chooses whether to attend as a function of current beliefs about whether such information is predictive. If the agent does not attend to some piece of information, it cannot be recalled at a later date. He uses Bayes' rule to update his beliefs given atte...
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作者：Abramitzky, Ran; Sin, Isabelle
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：We use book translations as a new measure of international idea flows and study the effects of Communism's collapse in Eastern Europe on these flows. Using novel data on 800,000 translations and difference-in-differences approaches, we show that while translations between Communist languages decreased by two thirds with the collapse, Western-to-Communist translations increased by a factor of 4 and quickly converged to Western levels. Convergence was more pronounced in the fields of applied and...
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作者：Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem; Sorensen, Bent; Volosovych, Vadym
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：We investigate the relationship between foreign direct ownership of firms and firm- and region-level output volatility using a novel panel data set for European countries. We document a positive, highly robust, relationship between firm-level foreign ownership and volatility of value added. This relationship holds cross-sectionally and in panels with firm fixed effects where the relationship captures within-firm variation over time. Considering domestic firms with assets in foreign countries, ...
