-
作者：Galiani, Sebastian; Gertler, Paul J.; Undurraga, Raimundo
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Universidad de Chile
摘要：Subjective well-being may not improve in step with increases in material well-being due to hedonic adaptation, a psychological process that attenuates the long-term emotional impact of a favorable or unfavorable change in circumstances. As a result, people's degree of happiness eventually returns to a stable reference level. We use a multicountry field experiment to examine the impact on subjective measures of well-being of the provision of improved housing to extremely poor populations in ord...
-
作者：Aghion, Philippe; Bergeaud, Antonin; Boppart, Timo; Bunel, Simon
作者单位：Universite PSL; College de France; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; European Central Bank; Bank of France; Stockholm University
摘要：In this paper we use the same methodology as Aghion et al. (2017a) to compute missing growth estimates from creative destruction in France. We find that from 2004 to 2015, about 0.5 percentage point of real output growth per year is missed by the statistical office, which is about the same as what was found in the United States. We look at how missing growth varies across French sectors and regions, and we look at the underlying establishment and firm dynamics. In particular we show that the s...
-
作者：Amodio, Francesco; Chiovelli, Giorgio
作者单位：McGill University; University of London; London Business School
摘要：This paper shows that ethnic diversity within the disenfranchised majority is a strong correlate of the incidence of violence during democratization. We study the relationship between ethnicity and conflict in South Africa during the fall of apartheid. Migration flows following the implementation and repeal of apartheid segregation laws induce cross-sectional and time variation in the ethnic composition of districts. Using Census data from the years before and after democratization, we compare...
-
作者：Einav, Liran; Finkelstein, Amy
作者单位：Stanford University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We describe research on the impact of health insurance on healthcare spending (moral hazard), and use this context to illustrate the value of and important complementarities between different empirical approaches. One common approach is to emphasize a credible research design; we review results from two randomized experiments, as well as some quasi-experimental studies. This work has produced compelling evidence that moral hazard in health insurance exists-that is, individuals, on average, con...
-
作者：Canova, Fabio; Hamidi Sahneh, Mehdi
作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：Nonfundamentalness arises when current and past values of the observables do not contain enough information to recover structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) disturbances. Using Granger causality tests, the literature suggested that several small-scale SVAR models are nonfundamental and thus not necessarily useful for business cycle analysis. We show that causality tests are problematic when SVAR variables cross-sectionally aggregate the variables of the underlying economy or proxy for nonobs...
-
作者：Ager, Philipp; Ciccone, Antonio
作者单位：University of Southern Denmark; University of Mannheim; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：Building on the idea that members of religious communities insure each other against some idiosyncratic risks, we argue that religious communities should be more widespread where populations face greater common risk. Our theoretical argument builds on idiosyncratic and common risks aggravating each other. When this is the case, individuals have a greater incentive to mutually insure against idiosyncratic risk when greater common risk makes the worst case scenario of bad realizations of common ...
-
作者：Battisti, Michele; Felbermayr, Gabriel; Peri, Giovanni; Poutvaara, Panu
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：What are the welfare effects of immigration on low-skilled and high-skilled natives? To address this question, we develop a general equilibrium model featuring two skill types, search frictions, wage bargaining, and a welfare state that redistributes income through unemployment benefits and the provision of public goods. Our quantitative analysis suggests that, in all 20 countries studied, immigration attenuates the effects of search frictions. The resulting gains tend to outweigh the welfare ...
-
作者：Cicala, Steve; Fryer, Roland G.; Spenkuch, Jorg L.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Harvard University; Northwestern University
摘要：We propose a theory of social interactions based on self-selection and comparative advantage. In our model, students choose peer groups based on their comparative advantage within a social environment. The effect of moving a student into a different environment with higher-achieving peers depends on where in the ability distribution she falls and the shadow prices that clear the social market. We show that the model's key prediction-an individual's ordinal rank predicts her behavior and test s...
-
作者：Campante, Filipe; Durante, Ruben; Sobbrio, Francesco
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; Luiss Guido Carli University
摘要：We study the impact of the diffusion of high-speed Internet on different forms of political participation, using municipal data from Italy from 1996 to 2013. Our empirical strategy exploits the fact that the cost of providing ADSL-based broadband services in a given municipality depends on its relative position in the pre-existing voice telecommunications infrastructure. We first show that broadband Internet had a substantial negative effect on turnout in parliamentary elections up until 2008....
