作者：Grogger, J
摘要：Studies based on inputs measured at the state level generally report that school expenditures have substantial effects on students' adult wages, whereas studies based on less aggregated measures report small effects. I use wage data from High School and Beyond to analyze this discrepancy, and to estimate the effect of school expenditures on students' post-schooling earnings. I find that the discrepancy in the literature stems mostly from two factors: measurement error in district-level expendi...
作者：Hanushek, EA; Rivkin, SG; Taylor, LL
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：This paper helps reconcile the contradictory findings about school resources and school effectiveness by developing the implications of data aggregation. With model misspecification, the theoretical impact of aggregation is generally ambiguous. When important state differences in school policy are omitted, however, aggregation implies clear upward bias of estimated school resource effects. Review of past studies and new empirical analysis provide strong evidence that aggregation inflates the c...
