作者：Zbaracki, MJ; Ritson, M; Levy, D; Dutta, S; Bergen, M
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of London; London Business School; Bar Ilan University; Emory University; University of Southern California; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：We study the price adjustment practices and provide quantitative measurement of the managerial and customer costs of price adjustment using data from a large U.S. industrial manufacturer and its customers. We find that price adjustment costs are a much more complex construct than the existing industrial-organization or macroeconomics literature recognizes. In addition to physical costs (menu costs), we identify and measure three types of managerial costs (information gathering, decision-making...
作者：Fryer, RG; Levitt, SD
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：In previous research, a substantial gap in test scores between white and black students persists, even after controlling for a wide range of observable characteristics. Using a newly available data set (the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study), we demonstrate that in stark contrast to earlier studies, the black-white test score gap among incoming kindergartners disappears when we control for a small number of covariates. Real gains by black children in recent cohorts appear to play an important...
